mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
synced 2024-12-23 21:35:11 +03:00
817dcbe7a6
add "are executed" so that those two sentences have a verb.
(cherry picked from commit c5903cde63)
394 lines
20 KiB
XML
394 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
|
|
|
|
<refentry id="systemd-tmpfiles"
|
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<title>systemd-tmpfiles</title>
|
|
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Create, delete, and clean up files and directories</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>
|
|
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para>System units:
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>User units:
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename></member>
|
|
<member><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> creates, deletes, and cleans up files and directories, using
|
|
the configuration file format and location specified in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
Historically, it was designed to manage volatile and temporary files, as the name suggests, but it provides
|
|
generic file management functionality and can be used to manage any kind of files. It must
|
|
be invoked with one or more commands <option>--create</option>, <option>--remove</option>, and
|
|
<option>--clean</option>, to select the respective subset of operations.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If invoked with no arguments, directives from the configuration files found in the directories
|
|
specified by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> are
|
|
executed. When invoked with positional arguments, if option
|
|
<option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option> is specified, arguments specified on the
|
|
command line are used instead of the configuration file <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, just
|
|
the configuration specified by the command line arguments is executed. If the string <literal>-</literal>
|
|
is specified instead of a filename, the configuration is read from standard input. If the argument is a
|
|
file name (without any slashes), all configuration directories are searched for a matching file and the
|
|
file found that has the highest priority is executed. If the argument is a path, that file is used
|
|
directly without searching the configuration directories for any other matching file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>System services (<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
|
|
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service</filename>,
|
|
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename>,
|
|
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> to create
|
|
system files and to perform system wide cleanup. Those services read administrator-controlled
|
|
configuration files in <filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename> directories. User services
|
|
(<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
|
|
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) also invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>, but
|
|
it reads a separate set of files, which includes user-controlled files under
|
|
<filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename> and <filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>,
|
|
and administrator-controlled files under <filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>. Users may use
|
|
this to create and clean up files under their control, but the system instance performs global cleanup
|
|
and is not influenced by user configuration. Note that this means a time-based cleanup configured in the
|
|
system instance, such as the one typically configured for <filename>/tmp/</filename>, will thus also
|
|
affect files created by the user instance if they are placed in <filename>/tmp/</filename>, even if the
|
|
user instance's time-based cleanup is turned off.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>To re-apply settings after configuration has been modified, simply restart
|
|
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>, which will apply any settings which can be safely
|
|
executed at runtime. To debug <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>, it may be useful to invoke it
|
|
directly from the command line with increased log level (see <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname>
|
|
below).</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Commands and options</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--create</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If this command is passed, all files and
|
|
directories marked with
|
|
<varname>f</varname>,
|
|
<varname>F</varname>,
|
|
<varname>w</varname>,
|
|
<varname>d</varname>,
|
|
<varname>D</varname>,
|
|
<varname>v</varname>,
|
|
<varname>p</varname>,
|
|
<varname>L</varname>,
|
|
<varname>c</varname>,
|
|
<varname>b</varname>,
|
|
<varname>m</varname>
|
|
in the configuration files are created or written to. Files
|
|
and directories marked with
|
|
<varname>z</varname>,
|
|
<varname>Z</varname>,
|
|
<varname>t</varname>,
|
|
<varname>T</varname>,
|
|
<varname>a</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>A</varname> have their ownership, access mode and
|
|
security labels set.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--clean</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If this command is passed, all files and
|
|
directories with an age parameter configured will be cleaned
|
|
up.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--remove</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If this command is passed, the contents of
|
|
directories marked with <varname>D</varname> or
|
|
<varname>R</varname>, and files or directories themselves
|
|
marked with <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname> are
|
|
removed unless an exclusive or shared BSD lock is taken on them (see <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>flock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--purge</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>If this option is passed, all files and directories marked for
|
|
<emphasis>creation</emphasis> by the <filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename> files specified on the command
|
|
line will be <emphasis>deleted</emphasis>. Specifically, this acts on all files and directories
|
|
marked with <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, <varname>d</varname>, <varname>D</varname>,
|
|
<varname>v</varname>, <varname>q</varname>, <varname>Q</varname>, <varname>p</varname>,
|
|
<varname>L</varname>, <varname>c</varname>, <varname>b</varname>, <varname>C</varname>,
|
|
<varname>w</varname>, <varname>e</varname>. If this switch is used at least one
|
|
<filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename> file (or <filename>-</filename> for standard input) must be
|
|
specified on the command line or the invocation will be refused, for safety reasons (as otherwise
|
|
much of the installed system files might be removed).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The primary usecase for this option is to automatically remove files and directories that
|
|
originally have been created on behalf of an installed packaged at package removal time.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>It is recommended to first run this command in combination with <option>--dry-run</option>
|
|
(see below) to verify which files and directories will be deleted.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><emphasis>Warning!</emphasis> This is usually not the command you want! In most cases
|
|
<option>--remove</option> is what you are looking for.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--user</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Execute "user" configuration, i.e. <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename>
|
|
files in user configuration directories.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--boot</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Also execute lines with an exclamation mark. Lines that are not safe to be executed
|
|
on a running system may be marked in this way. <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> is executed in
|
|
early boot with <option>--boot</option> specified and will execute those lines. When invoked again
|
|
later, it should be called without <option>--boot</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--graceful</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Ignore configuration lines pertaining to unknown users or groups. This option is
|
|
intended to be used in early boot before all users or groups have been created.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Process the configuration and print what operations would be performed, but don't
|
|
actually change anything in the file system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Only apply rules with paths that start with
|
|
the specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
|
|
times.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v212"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--exclude-prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Ignore rules with paths that start with the
|
|
specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
|
|
times.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v207"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-E</option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>A shortcut for <literal>--exclude-prefix=/dev --exclude-prefix=/proc
|
|
--exclude-prefix=/run --exclude-prefix=/sys</literal>, i.e. exclude the hierarchies typically backed
|
|
by virtual or memory file systems. This is useful in combination with <option>--root=</option>, if
|
|
the specified directory tree contains an OS tree without these virtual/memory file systems mounted
|
|
in, as it is typically not desirable to create any files and directories below these subdirectories
|
|
if they are supposed to be overmounted during runtime.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
|
|
<replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search paths.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When this option is used, the libc Name Service Switch (NSS) is bypassed for resolving users
|
|
and groups. Instead the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename>
|
|
inside the alternate root are read directly. This means that users/groups not listed in these files
|
|
will not be resolved, i.e. LDAP NIS and other complex databases are not considered.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Consider combining this with <option>-E</option> to ensure the invocation does not create files
|
|
or directories below mount points in the OS image operated on that are typically overmounted during
|
|
runtime.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v212"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--image=<replaceable>image</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified all operations
|
|
are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This is similar to <option>--root=</option>
|
|
but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The disk image should either
|
|
contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
|
|
<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
|
|
Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
switch of the same name.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Implies <option>-E</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v247"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="image-policy-open" />
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>When this option is given, one or more positional arguments
|
|
must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be
|
|
handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file
|
|
<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts
|
|
are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on
|
|
disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin
|
|
configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v238"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="tldr" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>It is possible to combine <option>--create</option>, <option>--clean</option>, and <option>--remove</option>
|
|
in one invocation (in which case removal and cleanup are executed before creation of new files). For example,
|
|
during boot the following command line is executed to ensure that all temporary and volatile directories are
|
|
removed and created according to the configuration file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>systemd-tmpfiles --remove --create</programlisting>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Credentials</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by
|
|
<varname>ImportCredential=</varname>/<varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname>
|
|
(see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
|
|
details). The following credentials are used when passed in:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='system-credentials'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>tmpfiles.extra</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para> The contents of this credential may contain additional lines to operate on. The
|
|
credential contents should follow the same format as any other <filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename>
|
|
drop-in configuration file. If this credential is passed it is processed after all of the drop-in
|
|
files read from the file system. The lines in the credential can hence augment existing lines of the
|
|
OS, but not override them.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that by default the <filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename> unit file (and related
|
|
unit files) is set up to inherit the <literal>tmpfiles.extra</literal> credential from the service
|
|
manager.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="log-level" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="log-color" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="log-time" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="log-location" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="log-target" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="pager" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="less" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="lesscharset" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="lesssecure" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="colors" />
|
|
<xi:include href="common-variables.xml" xpointer="urlify" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Unprivileged --cleanup operation</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> tries to avoid changing
|
|
the access and modification times on the directories it accesses,
|
|
which requires <constant>CAP_FOWNER</constant> privileges. When
|
|
running as non-root, directories which are checked for files to
|
|
clean up will have their access time bumped, which might prevent
|
|
their cleanup.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned. If the configuration was syntactically invalid (syntax errors, missing
|
|
arguments, …), so some lines had to be ignored, but no other errors occurred, <constant>65</constant> is
|
|
returned (<constant>EX_DATAERR</constant> from <filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>). If the
|
|
configuration was syntactically valid, but could not be executed (lack of permissions, creation of files
|
|
in missing directories, invalid contents when writing to <filename>/sys/</filename> values, …),
|
|
<constant>73</constant> is returned (<constant>EX_CANTCREAT</constant> from
|
|
<filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>). Otherwise, <constant>1</constant> is returned
|
|
(<constant>EXIT_FAILURE</constant> from <filename>/usr/include/stdlib.h</filename>).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note: when creating items, if the target already exists, but is of the wrong type or otherwise does
|
|
not match the requested state, and forced operation has not been requested with <literal>+</literal>,
|
|
a message is emitted, but the failure is otherwise ignored.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|