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Several manpages contain duplicate text describing a standard set of .d configuration directories, with the usual sorting, precedence, overrides, and so on. Factor this common text out using XInclude before proliferating it even further.
265 lines
12 KiB
XML
265 lines
12 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sysusers.d"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysusers.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysusers.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the
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files from <filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory
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to create system users and groups at package
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installation or boot time. This tool may be used to
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allocate system users and groups only, it is not
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useful for creating non-system users and groups, as it
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accesses <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing
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any more complex user databases, for example any
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database involving NIS or LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>The file format is one line per user or group
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containing name, ID, GECOS field description and home directory:</para>
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<programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
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u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
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u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
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g input - -
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m authd input
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single
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letter. The following line types are
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understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>u</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system user and group of the
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specified name should they not
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exist yet. The user's primary
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group will be set to the group
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bearing the same name. The
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user's shell will be set to
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<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>,
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the home directory to the
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specified home directory, or
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<filename>/</filename> if none
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is given. The account will be
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created disabled, so that
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logins are not
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allowed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>g</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system group of the specified
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name should it not exist
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yet. Note that
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<varname>u</varname>
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implicitly create a matching
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group. The group will be
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created with no password
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set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a user to
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a group. If the user or group
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are not existing yet, they
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will be implicitly
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a range of
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numeric UIDs/GIDs to the pool
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to allocate new UIDs and GIDs
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from. If no line of this type
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is specified the range of
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UIDs/GIDs is set to some
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compiled-in default. Note that
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both UIDs and GIDs are
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allocated from the same pool,
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in order to ensure that users
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and groups of the same name
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are likely to carry the same
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numeric UID and
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GID.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or
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group name. It should be shorter than 31
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characters and avoid any non-ASCII characters,
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and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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strongly recommended to pick user and group
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names that are unlikely to clash with normal
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users created by the administrator. A good
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scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing all
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system and group names with the underscore,
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and avoiding too generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the user name to add to a
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group.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>
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this field should be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>ID</title>
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<para>For <varname>u</varname> and
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<varname>g</varname> the numeric 32bit UID or
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GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535 or
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4294967295, as they have special placeholder
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meanings. Specify <literal>-</literal> for
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automatic UID/GID allocation for the user or
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group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
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in the file system. In this case the UID/GID
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is read from the path's owner/group. This is
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useful to create users whose UID/GID match the
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owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or
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SGID binaries).</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the group name to add to
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a user to.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>
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this field should be set to a UID/GID range in
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the format <literal>FROM-TO</literal> where
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both values are formatted as decimal ASCII
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numbers. Alternatively, a single UID/GID may
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be specified formatted as decimal ASCII
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numbers.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>GECOS</title>
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<para>A short, descriptive string for users to
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be created, enclosed in quotation marks. Note
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that this field may not contain colons.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type
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<varname>u</varname> and should otherwise be
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left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Home Directory</title>
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<para>The home directory for a new system
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user. If omitted defaults to the root
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directory. It is recommended to not
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unnecessarily specify home directories for
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system users, unless software strictly
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requires one to be set.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type
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<varname>u</varname> and should otherwise be
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left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />
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<refsect1>
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<title>Idempotence</title>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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will do nothing if the specified users or groups
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already exist, so normally there no reason to override
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration,
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except to block certain users or groups from being
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created.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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