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681eb9cf2b
In particular, use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd in distributions like Debian which still have not adopted a /usr merge setup. Use XML entities from man/custom-entities.ent to replace configured paths while doing XSLT processing of the original XML files. There was precedent of some files (such as systemd.generator.xml) which were already using this approach. This addresses most of the (manual) fixes from this patch: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/patches/Fix-paths-in-man-pages.patch?h=experimental-220 The idea of using generic XML entities was presented here: http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032240.html This patch solves almost all the issues, with the exception of: - Path to /bin/mount and /bin/umount. - Generic statements about preference of /lib over /etc. These will be handled separately by follow up patches. Tested: - With default configure settings, ran "make install" to two separate directories and compared the output to confirm they matched exactly. - Used a set of configure flags including $CONFFLAGS from Debian: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/rules Installed the tree and confirmed the paths use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd and that no other unexpected differences exist. - Confirmed that `make distcheck` still passes.
437 lines
20 KiB
XML
437 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
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%entities;
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]>
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.resource-control">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.resource-control</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.resource-control</refname>
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<refpurpose>Resource control unit settings</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para>
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<filename><replaceable>slice</replaceable>.slice</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>scope</replaceable>.scope</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename>
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</para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Unit configuration files for services, slices, scopes,
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sockets, mount points, and swap devices share a subset of
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configuration options for resource control of spawned
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processes. Internally, this relies on the Control Groups
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kernel concept for organizing processes in a hierarchical tree of
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named groups for the purpose of resource management.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options shared by
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those six unit types. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration files, and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information on the specific unit configuration files. The
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resource control configuration options are configured in the
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[Slice], [Scope], [Service], [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap]
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sections, depending on the unit type.</para>
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<para>See the <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ControlGroupInterface/">New
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Control Group Interfaces</ulink> for an introduction on how to make
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use of resource control APIs from programs.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>Units of the types listed above can have settings
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for resource control configuration:</para>
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<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on CPU usage accounting for this unit. Takes a
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boolean argument. Note that turning on CPU accounting for
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one unit might also implicitly turn it on for all units
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contained in the same slice and for all its parent slices
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and the units contained therein. The system default for this
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setting maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultCPUAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUShares=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>StartupCPUShares=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign the specified CPU time share weight to the
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processes executed. Those options take an integer value and
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control the <literal>cpu.shares</literal> control group
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attribute, which defaults to 1024. For details about this
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control group attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.
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The available CPU time is split up among all units within
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one slice relative to their CPU time share weight.</para>
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<para>While <varname>StartupCPUShares=</varname> only
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applies to the startup phase of the system,
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<varname>CPUShares=</varname> applies to normal runtime of
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the system, and if the former is not set also to the startup
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phase. Using <varname>StartupCPUShares=</varname> allows
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prioritizing specific services at boot-up differently than
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during normal runtime.</para>
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<para>Those options imply
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<literal>CPUAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUQuota=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign the specified CPU time quota to the processes
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executed. Takes a percentage value, suffixed with "%". The
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percentage specifies how much CPU time the unit shall get at
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maximum, relative to the total CPU time available on one
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CPU. Use values > 100% for allotting CPU time on more than
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one CPU. This controls the
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<literal>cpu.cfs_quota_us</literal> control group
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attribute. For details about this control group attribute,
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see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Example: <varname>CPUQuota=20%</varname> ensures that
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the executed processes will never get more than 20% CPU time
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on one CPU.</para>
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<para>Implies <literal>CPUAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MemoryAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on process and kernel memory accounting for this
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unit. Takes a boolean argument. Note that turning on memory
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accounting for one unit might also implicitly turn it on for
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all its parent slices. The system default for this setting
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maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultMemoryAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MemoryLimit=<replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specify the limit on maximum memory usage of the
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executed processes. The limit specifies how much process and
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kernel memory can be used by tasks in this unit. Takes a
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memory size in bytes. If the value is suffixed with K, M, G
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or T, the specified memory size is parsed as Kilobytes,
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Megabytes, Gigabytes, or Terabytes (with the base 1024),
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respectively. This controls the
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<literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal> control group
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attribute. For details about this control group attribute,
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see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Implies <literal>MemoryAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on Block IO accounting for this unit. Takes a
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boolean argument. Note that turning on block IO accounting
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for one unit might also implicitly turn it on for all units
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contained in the same slice and all for its parent slices
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and the units contained therein. The system default for this
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setting maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultBlockIOAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOWeight=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>StartupBlockIOWeight=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set the default overall block IO weight for
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the executed processes. Takes a single weight value (between
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10 and 1000) to set the default block IO weight. This controls
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the <literal>blkio.weight</literal> control group attribute,
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which defaults to 1000. For details about this control group
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attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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The available IO bandwidth is split up among all units within
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one slice relative to their block IO weight.</para>
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<para>While <varname>StartupBlockIOWeight=</varname> only
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applies to the startup phase of the system,
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<varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> applies to the later runtime
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of the system, and if the former is not set also to the
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startup phase. This allows prioritizing specific services at
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boot-up differently than during runtime.</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIODeviceWeight=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set the per-device overall block IO weight for the
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executed processes. Takes a space-separated pair of a file
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path and a weight value to specify the device specific
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weight value, between 10 and 1000. (Example: "/dev/sda
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500"). The file path may be specified as path to a block
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device node or as any other file, in which case the backing
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block device of the file system of the file is
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determined. This controls the
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<literal>blkio.weight_device</literal> control group
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attribute, which defaults to 1000. Use this option multiple
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times to set weights for multiple devices. For details about
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this control group attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set the per-device overall block IO bandwidth limit
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for the executed processes. Takes a space-separated pair of
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a file path and a bandwidth value (in bytes per second) to
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specify the device specific bandwidth. The file path may be
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a path to a block device node, or as any other file in which
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case the backing block device of the file system of the file
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is used. If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M, G, or T,
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the specified bandwidth is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes,
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Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively, to the base of
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1000. (Example:
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"/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0 5M"). This
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controls the <literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal> and
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<literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal> control group
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attributes. Use this option multiple times to set bandwidth
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limits for multiple devices. For details about these control
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group attributes, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DeviceAllow=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Control access to specific device nodes by the
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executed processes. Takes two space-separated strings: a
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device node specifier followed by a combination of
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<constant>r</constant>, <constant>w</constant>,
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<constant>m</constant> to control
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<emphasis>r</emphasis>eading, <emphasis>w</emphasis>riting,
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or creation of the specific device node(s) by the unit
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(<emphasis>m</emphasis>knod), respectively. This controls
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the <literal>devices.allow</literal> and
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<literal>devices.deny</literal> control group
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attributes. For details about these control group
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attributes, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>The device node specifier is either a path to a device
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node in the file system, starting with
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<filename>/dev/</filename>, or a string starting with either
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<literal>char-</literal> or <literal>block-</literal>
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followed by a device group name, as listed in
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<filename>/proc/devices</filename>. The latter is useful to
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whitelist all current and future devices belonging to a
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specific device group at once. The device group is matched
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according to file name globbing rules, you may hence use the
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<literal>*</literal> and <literal>?</literal>
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wildcards. Examples: <filename>/dev/sda5</filename> is a
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path to a device node, referring to an ATA or SCSI block
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device. <literal>char-pts</literal> and
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<literal>char-alsa</literal> are specifiers for all pseudo
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TTYs and all ALSA sound devices,
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respectively. <literal>char-cpu/*</literal> is a specifier
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matching all CPU related device groups.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DevicePolicy=auto|closed|strict</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Control the policy for allowing device access:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>strict</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>means to only allow types of access that are
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explicitly specified.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>closed</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>in addition, allows access to standard pseudo
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devices including
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<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/zero</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/full</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/random</filename>, and
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<filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>auto</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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in addition, allows access to all devices if no
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explicit <varname>DeviceAllow=</varname> is present.
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This is the default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Slice=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the slice unit to place the unit
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in. Defaults to <filename>system.slice</filename> for all
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non-instantiated units of all unit types (except for slice
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units themselves see below). Instance units are by default
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placed in a subslice of <filename>system.slice</filename>
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that is named after the template name.</para>
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<para>This option may be used to arrange systemd units in a
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hierarchy of slices each of which might have resource
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settings applied.</para>
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<para>For units of type slice, the only accepted value for
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this setting is the parent slice. Since the name of a slice
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unit implies the parent slice, it is hence redundant to ever
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set this parameter directly for slice units.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Delegate=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turns on delegation of further resource control
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partitioning to processes of the unit. For unprivileged
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services (i.e. those using the <varname>User=</varname>
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setting) this allows processes to create a subhierarchy
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beneath its control group path. For privileged services and
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scopes this ensures the processes will have all control
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group controllers enabled.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
|
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</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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The documentation for control groups and specific controllers in the Linux kernel:
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cpuacct.txt">cpuacct.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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