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ImportCredential= takes a credential name and searches for a matching credential in all the credential stores we know about it. It supports globs which are expanded so that all matching credentials are loaded.
253 lines
11 KiB
XML
253 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="systemd-ask-password"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-ask-password</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-ask-password</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the user for a system password</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-ask-password <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MESSAGE</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-ask-password</command> may be used to query
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a system password or passphrase from the user, using a question
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message specified on the command line. When run from a TTY it will
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query a password on the TTY and print it to standard output. When
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run with no TTY or with <option>--no-tty</option> it will use the
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system-wide query mechanism, which allows active users to respond via
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several agents, listed below.</para>
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<para>The purpose of this tool is to query system-wide passwords
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— that is passwords not attached to a specific user account.
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Examples include: unlocking encrypted hard disks when they are
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plugged in or at boot, entering an SSL certificate passphrase for
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web and VPN servers.</para>
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<para>Existing agents are:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>A boot-time password agent asking the user for
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passwords using
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A boot-time password agent querying the user
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directly on the console —
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>An agent requesting password input via a
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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message —
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-wall.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A TTY agent that is temporarily spawned during
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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invocations,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A command line agent which can be started
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temporarily to process queued password
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requests — <command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent --query</command>.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>Answering system-wide password queries is a privileged operation, hence
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all the agents listed above (except for the last one), run as privileged
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system services. The last one also needs elevated privileges, so
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should be run through
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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or similar.</para>
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<para>Additional password agents may be implemented according to
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the <ulink url="https://systemd.io/PASSWORD_AGENTS/">systemd Password Agent
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Specification</ulink>.</para>
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<para>If a password is queried on a TTY, the user may press TAB to
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hide the asterisks normally shown for each character typed.
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Pressing Backspace as first key achieves the same effect.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--icon=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify an icon name alongside the password
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query, which may be used in all agents supporting graphical
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display. The icon name should follow the <ulink
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url="https://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html">XDG
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Icon Naming Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--id=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify an identifier for this password
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query. This identifier is freely choosable and allows
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recognition of queries by involved agents. It should include
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the subsystem doing the query and the specific object the
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query is done for. Example:
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<literal>--id=cryptsetup:/dev/sda5</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--keyname=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configure a kernel keyring key name to use as
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cache for the password. If set, then the tool will try to push
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any collected passwords into the kernel keyring of the root
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user, as a key of the specified name. If combined with
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<option>--accept-cached</option>, it will also try to retrieve
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such cached passwords from the key in the kernel keyring
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instead of querying the user right away. By using this option,
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the kernel keyring may be used as effective cache to avoid
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repeatedly asking users for passwords, if there are multiple
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objects that may be unlocked with the same password. The
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cached key will have a timeout of 2.5min set, after which it
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will be purged from the kernel keyring. Note that it is
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possible to cache multiple passwords under the same keyname,
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in which case they will be stored as <constant>NUL</constant>-separated list of
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passwords. Use
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>keyctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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to access the cached key via the kernel keyring
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directly. Example: <literal>--keyname=cryptsetup</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--credential=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configure a credential to read the password from – if it exists. This may be used in
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conjunction with the <varname>ImportCredential=</varname>, <varname>LoadCredential=</varname> and
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<varname>SetCredential=</varname> settings in unit files. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details. If not specified, defaults to <literal>password</literal>. This option has no effect if no
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credentials directory is passed to the program (i.e. <varname>$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY</varname> is not
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set) or if the no credential of the specified name exists.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--timeout=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify the query timeout in seconds. Defaults
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to 90s. A timeout of 0 waits indefinitely. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--echo=yes|no|masked</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls whether to echo user input. Takes a boolean or the special string
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<literal>masked</literal>, the default being the latter. If enabled the typed characters are echoed
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literally, which is useful for prompting for usernames and other non-protected data. If disabled the
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typed characters are not echoed in any form, the user will not get feedback on their input. If set to
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<literal>masked</literal>, an asterisk (<literal>*</literal>) is echoed for each character
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typed. In this mode, if the user hits the tabulator key (<literal>↹</literal>), echo is turned
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off. (Alternatively, if the user hits the backspace key (<literal>⌫</literal>) while no data has
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been entered otherwise, echo is turned off, too).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--echo</option></term>
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<term><option>-e</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Equivalent to <option>--echo=yes</option>, see above.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--emoji=yes|no|auto</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls whether or not to prefix the query with a
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lock and key emoji (🔐), if the TTY settings permit this. The default
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is <literal>auto</literal>, which defaults to <literal>yes</literal>,
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unless <option>--echo=yes</option> is given.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tty</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Never ask for password on current TTY even if
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one is available. Always use agent system.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--accept-cached</option></term>
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<listitem><para>If passed, accept cached passwords, i.e.
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passwords previously entered.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--multiple</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with
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<option>--accept-cached</option> accept multiple passwords.
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This will output one password per line.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-output</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not print passwords to standard output. This is useful if you want to store a
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password in kernel keyring with <option>--keyname=</option> but do not want it to show up on screen
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or in logs.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<listitem><para>By default, when the acquired password is written to standard output it is suffixed
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by a newline character. This may be turned off with the <option>-n</option> switch, similarly to the
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switch of the same name of the <citerefentry
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project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>echo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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command.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>keyctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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