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ebf4e8013b
This patch makes it possible to set extended attributes on files created by tmpfiles. This can be especially used to set SMACK security labels on volatile files and directories. It is done by adding new line of type "t". Such line should contain attributes in Argument field, using following format: name=value All other fields are ignored. If value contains spaces, then it must be surrounded by quotation marks. User can also put quotation mark in value by escaping it with backslash. Example: D /var/run/cups - - - - t /var/run/cups - - - - security.SMACK64=printing
585 lines
32 KiB
XML
585 lines
32 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and
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cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the
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configuration files from the above directories to describe the
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creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and
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temporary files and directories which usually reside
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in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
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or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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<para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are
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those located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its
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alias <filename>/var/run</filename>),
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<filename>/tmp</filename>,
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<filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems
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such as <filename>/sys</filename> or
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<filename>/proc</filename>, as well as some other
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directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
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<para>System daemons frequently require private
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runtime directories below <filename>/run</filename> to
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place communication sockets and similar in. For these,
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consider declaring them in their unit files using
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<varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname>
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(see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details),
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if this is feasible.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>
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override files with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages
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should install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for
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the local administrator, who may use this logic to
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override the configuration files installed by vendor
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packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
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filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
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of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
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specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
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lexicographically earliest name will be applied.
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All other conflicting entries will be logged as
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errors. When two lines are prefix and suffix of each
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other, then the prefix is always processed first, the
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suffix later. Otherwise, the files/directories are
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processed in the order they are listed.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a
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configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
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recommended way is to place a symlink to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the
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same filename.</para>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path
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containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
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fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and
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optionally an exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists.
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Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
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newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<term><varname>p+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named
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pipe (FIFO) if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with
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<varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the
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pipe is to be created, it will
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be removed and be replaced by
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the pipe.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<term><varname>L+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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symlink if it does not exist
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yet. If suffixed with
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<varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the
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symlink is to be created, it
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will be removed and be
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replaced by the
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symlink. If the argument is omitted,
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symlinks to files with the same name
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residing in the directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename>
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are created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<term><varname>c+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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character device node if it
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does not exist yet. If
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suffixed with
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<varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the
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device node is to be created,
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it will be removed and be
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replaced by the device
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node. It is recommended to suffix this
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entry with an exclamation mark to only
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create static device nodes at boot,
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as udev will not manage static device
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nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<term><varname>b+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block
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device node if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with
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<varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the
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device node is to be created,
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it will be removed and be
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replaced by the device
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node. It is recommended to suffix this
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entry with an exclamation mark to only
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create static device nodes at boot,
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as udev will not manage static device
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nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>C</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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copy a file or directory, if
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the destination files or
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directories do not exist
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yet. Note that this command
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will not descend into
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subdirectories if the
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destination directory already
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exists. Instead, the entire
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copy operation is
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skipped. If the argument is omitted,
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files from the source directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename>
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with the same name are copied.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike
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<varname>x</varname>, this
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parameter will not exclude the
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content if path is a
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directory, but only directory
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itself. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file
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or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove
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non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a
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directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Adjust the
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access mode, group and user,
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and restore the SELinux security
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context of a file or directory,
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if it exists. Lines of this
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type accept shell-style globs
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in place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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set the access mode, group and
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user, and restore the SELinux
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security context of a file or
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directory if it exists, as
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well as of its subdirectories
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and the files contained
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therein (if applicable). Lines
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of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>t</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set extended
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attributes on item. It may be
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used in conjunction with other
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types (only <varname>d</varname>,
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<varname>D</varname>, <varname>f</varname>,
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<varname>F</varname>, <varname>L</varname>,
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<varname>p</varname>, <varname>c</varname>,
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<varname>b</varname>, makes sense).
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If used as a standalone line, then
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>
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will try to set extended
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attributes on specified path.
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This can be especially used to set
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SMACK labels.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this
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line is only safe of execute during boot, and
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can break a running system. Lines without the
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exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
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execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will
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execute line with an exclamation mark only if
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option <option>--boot</option> is given.
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</para>
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<para>For example:
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<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
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d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
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# Unlink the X11 lock files
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r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
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The second line in contrast to the first one
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would break a running system, and will only be
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executed with <option>--boot</option>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Path</title>
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<para>The file system path specification supports simple specifier
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expansion. The following expansions are
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understood:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Specifiers available</title>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="spec" />
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<colspec colname="mean" />
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<colspec colname="detail" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Specifier</entry>
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<entry>Meaning</entry>
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<entry>Details</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
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<entry>Machine ID</entry>
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<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
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<entry>Boot ID</entry>
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<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
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<entry>Host name</entry>
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<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
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<entry>Kernel release</entry>
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<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
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<entry>Escaped %</entry>
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<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Mode</title>
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<para>The file access mode to use when
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creating this file or directory. If omitted or
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when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
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directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
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For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, if omitted or when set to
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<literal>-</literal>, the file access mode
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will not be modified. This parameter is
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ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
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<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
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<varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname> lines.</para>
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<para>Optionally, if prefixed with
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<literal>~</literal>, the access mode is masked
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based on the already set access bits for
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existing file or directories: if the existing
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file has all executable bits unset, all
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executable bits are removed from the new
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access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits
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are removed from the old access mode, they will
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be removed from the new access mode too, and
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if all write bits are removed, they will be
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removed from the new access mode too. In
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addition, the sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless
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applied to a directory. This
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functionality is particularly useful in
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conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>UID, GID</title>
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<para>The user and group to use for this file
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or directory. This may either be a numeric
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user/group ID or a user or group name. If
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omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>,
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the default 0 (root) is used. For
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<varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
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ownership will not be modified. These
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parameters are ignored for
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<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
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<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>,
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<varname>t</varname> lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
|
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<title>Age</title>
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<para>The date field, when set, is used to
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decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
|
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a file or directory is older than the current
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time minus the age field, it is deleted. The
|
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field format is a series of integers each
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followed by one of the following
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postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
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|
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<variablelist>
|
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<varlistentry>
|
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<term><varname>s</varname></term>
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<term><varname>min</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>h</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>d</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>w</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ms</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>m</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
|
|
values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
|
|
s is assumed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
|
|
unconditionally.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The age field only applies to lines
|
|
starting with <varname>d</varname>,
|
|
<varname>D</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
|
|
done.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde
|
|
character <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up
|
|
is only applied to files and directories one
|
|
level inside the directory specified, but not
|
|
the files and directories immediately inside
|
|
it.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Argument</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines
|
|
determines the destination path of the
|
|
symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
|
|
<varname>b</varname> determines the
|
|
major/minor of the device node, with major and
|
|
minor formatted as integers, separated by
|
|
<literal>:</literal>, e.g.
|
|
<literal>1:3</literal>. For
|
|
<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>w</varname> may be used to
|
|
specify a short string that is written to the
|
|
file, suffixed by a newline. For
|
|
<varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file
|
|
or directory. For <varname>t</varname> determines
|
|
extended attributes to be set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /run/screens 1777 root root 10d
|
|
d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
|
|
t /run/screen - - - - user.name="John Smith" security.SMACK64=screen</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
|
|
x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|