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docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/RightsAndPriviliges.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!-- entities files to use -->
<!ENTITY % global_entities SYSTEM '../entities/global.entities'>
%global_entities;
]>
<chapter id="rights">
<chapterinfo>
&author.jerry;
&author.jht;
</chapterinfo>
<title>User Rights and Privileges</title>
<para>
The administration of Windows user, group and machine accounts in the Samba
domain controlled network necessitates interfacing between the MS Windows
networking environment and the UNIX operating system environment. The right
(permission) to add machines to the Windows security domain can be assigned
(set) to non-administrative users both in Windows NT4 domains as well as in
Active Directory domains.
</para>
<para>
The addition of Windows NT4/2kX/XPPro machines to the domain necessitates the
creation of a machine account for each machine added. The machine account is
a necessity that is used to validate that the machine can be trusted to permit
user logons.
</para>
<para>
Machine accounts are analogous to user accounts, and thus in implementing them
on a UNIX machine that is hosting Samba (i.e.: On which Samba is running) it is
necessary to create a special type of user account. Machine accounts differ from
a normal user account in that the account name (login ID) is terminated with a $
sign. An additional difference is that this type of account should not ever be able
to log into the UNIX environment as a system user and therefore is set to have a
shell of <command>/bin/false</command> and a home directory of
<command>/dev/null.</command>
</para>
<para>
The creation of UNIX system accounts has traditionally been the sole right of
the system administrator, better known as the <constant>root</constant> account.
It is possible in the UNIX environment to create multiple users who have the
same UID. Any UNIX user who has a UID=0 is inherently the same as the
<constant>root</constant> account.
</para>
<para>
All versions of Samba call system interface scripts that permit CIFS function
calls that are used to manage users, groups and machine accounts to be affected
in the UNIX environment. All versions of Samba up to and including version 3.0.10
required the use of a Windows Administrator account that unambiguously maps to
the UNIX <constant>root</constant> account to permit the execution of these
interface scripts. The reuqirement to do this has understandably met with some
disdain and consternation among Samba administrators, particularly where it became
necessary to permit people who should not posses <constant>root</constant> level
access to the UNIX host system.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Rights Management Capabilities</title>
<para>
Samba 3.0.11 introduces support for the Windows privilege model. This model
allows certain rights to be assigned to a user or group SID. In order to enable
this feature, <smbconfoption><name>enable privileges</name><value>yes</value></smbconfoption>
must be defined in the <smbconfsection>global</smbconfsection> section of the &smb.conf; file.
</para>
<para>
Currently, the following rights are supported in Samba 3:
<screen>
SeAddUsersPrivilege Add users and groups to the domain
SeDiskOperatorPrivilege Manage disk shares
SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add machines to domain
SePrintOperatorPrivilege Manage printers
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system
</screen>
The remainder of this chapter explains how to manage and use
these privileges on Samba servers.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Using the <quote>net rpc rights</quote> Utility</title>
<para>
There are two primary means of managing the rights assigned to users and groups
on a Samba server. The <command>NT4 User Manager for Domains</command> may be
used from any Windows NT4, 2000 or XP Professional domain member client to
connect to a Samba domain controller and view/modify the rights assignments.
This application, however, appears to have bugs when run on a client running
Windows 2000 or later, therefore Samba provides a command line utility for
performing the necessary administrative actions.
</para>
<para>
The <command>net rpc rights</command> utility in Samba 3.0.11 has 3 new subcommands:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>list [name|accounts]</term>
<listitem><para>
When called with no arguments, <command>net rpc list</command>
will simply list the available rights on the server. When passed
a specific user or group name, the tool lists the privileges
currently assigned to the specified account. When invoked using
the special string <constant>accounts</constant>,
<command>net rpc rights list</command> will return a list of all
privileged accounts on the server and the assigned rights.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>grant &lt;user&gt; &lt;right [right ...]&gt;</term>
<listitem><para>
When called with no arguments, This function is used to assign
a list of rights to a specified user or group. For example,
to grant the members of the Domain Admins group on a Samba DC
the capability to add client machines to the domain, one would run:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net -S server -U domadmin rpc rights grant \
'DOMAIN\Domain Admins' SeMachineAccountPrivilege
</screen>
More than one privilege can be assigned by specifying a
list of rights separated by spaces. The parameter 'Domain\Domain Admins'
must be quoted with single ticks or using double-quotes to prevent
the back-slash and the space from being interpreted by the system shell.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>revoke &lt;user&gt; &lt;right [right ...]&gt;</term>
<listitem><para>
This command is similar in format to <command>net rpc rights grant</command>. It's
effect is to remove an assigned right (or list of rights) from a user or group.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note><para>
You must be connected as a member of the Domain Admins group to be able to
grant or revoke privileges assigned to an account. This capability is
inherent to the Domain Admins group and is not configurable.
</para></note>
<para>
By default, no privileges are initially assigned to any
account. The reason for this is that certain actions will
be performed as root once smbd determines that a user has
the necessary rights. For example, when joining a client to
a Windows domain, the 'add machine script' must be executed
with superuser rights in most cases. For this reason, you
should be very careful about handing out privileges to
accounts.
</para>
<para>
Access as the root user (UID=0) bypasses all privilege checks.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Description of Privileges</title>
<para>
The privileges that have been implemented in Samba-3.0.11 are shown below.
It is possible, and likely, that additional privileges may be implemented in
later releases of Samba. It is also likely that any privileges currently implemented
but not used may be removed from future releases, thus it is important that
the successful as well as unsuccessful use of these facilities should be reported
on the Samba mailing lists.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>SeAddUsersPrivilege</term>
<listitem><para>
This right determines whether or not smbd will allow the
user to create new user or group accounts via such tools
as <command>net rpc user add</command> or
<command>NT4 User Manager for Domains.</command>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</term>
<listitem><para>
Accounts which posses this right will be able to execute
scripts defined by the <command>add/delete/change</command>
share command in &smb.conf; file as root. Such users will
also be able to modify the ACL associated with file shares
on the Samba server.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</term>
<listitem><para>
Controls whether or not the user is able join client
machines to a Samba controlled domain.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>SePrintOperatorPrivilege</term>
<listitem><para>
This privilege operates identically to the
<smbconfoption><name>printer admin</name></smbconfoption>
option in the &smb.conf; file (see section 5 man page for &smb.conf;)
except that it is a global right (not on a per printer basis).
Eventually the smb.conf option will be deprecated and administrative
rights to printers will be controlled exclusively by this right and
the security descriptor associated with the printer object in the
<filename>ntprinters.tdb</filename> file.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</term>
<listitem><para>
Samba provides two hooks for shutting down or rebooting
the server and for aborting a previously issued shutdown
command. Since this is an operation normally limited by
the operating system to the root user, an account must possess this
right to be able to execute either of these hooks to have any effect.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>The Administrator Domain SID</title>
<para>
Please note that when configured as a DC, it is now required
that an account in the server's passdb backend be set to the
domain SID of the default Administrator account. To obtain the
domain SID on a Samba DC, run the following command:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net getlocalsid
SID for domain FOO is: S-1-5-21-4294955119-3368514841-2087710299
</screen>
You may assign the Domain Administrator rid to an account using the <command>pdbedit</command>
command as shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; pdbedit -U S-1-5-21-4294955119-3368514841-2087710299-500 -u root -r
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>