mirror of
https://github.com/samba-team/samba.git
synced 2024-12-22 13:34:15 +03:00
e32846f069
Users of Linux distributions know to read smb.conf(5) manual page but
apparently not many of them read smbd(8) and winbindd(8) to understand
how changes to smb.conf file are reflected in the running processes.
Add a small section that makes it clear where to find relevant
information. Also correct the information in smbd, nmbd, and winbindd
manual pages.
The interval at which smbd does check for smb.conf changes was increased
from 60 seconds to 180 seconds in 1999 with commit 3db52feb1f
.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Bokovoy <ab@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Isaac Boukris <iboukris@samba.org>
Autobuild-User(master): Alexander Bokovoy <ab@samba.org>
Autobuild-Date(master): Tue Oct 20 08:50:13 UTC 2020 on sn-devel-184
512 lines
18 KiB
XML
512 lines
18 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
|
|
<refentry id="winbindd.8">
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
<refmiscinfo class="source">Samba</refmiscinfo>
|
|
<refmiscinfo class="manual">System Administration tools</refmiscinfo>
|
|
<refmiscinfo class="version">&doc.version;</refmiscinfo>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>winbindd</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
|
|
from NT servers</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>winbindd</command>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-D|--daemon</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-F|--foreground</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-S|--stdout</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-i|--interactive</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-s <smb config file></arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">-n|--no-caching</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt">--no-process-group</arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
|
|
a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
|
|
in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM
|
|
and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
|
|
service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
|
|
and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
|
|
domain controllers. In this configuration the
|
|
<smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/>
|
|
parameter is not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para> The Name Service Switch allows user
|
|
and system information to be obtained from different databases
|
|
services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
|
|
through the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
|
|
Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
|
|
of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
|
|
Samba system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
|
|
can be used to resolve user and group information from a
|
|
Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
|
|
services via an associated PAM module. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
|
|
<parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
|
|
and <parameter>password</parameter>
|
|
module-types. It should be noted that the
|
|
<parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
|
|
the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
|
|
controller has already performed access control. If the
|
|
<filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
|
|
installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
|
|
the winbindd service: </para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>hosts</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
|
|
User information traditionally stored in
|
|
the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
|
|
<command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
|
|
resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>passwd</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
|
|
the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
|
|
<command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>group</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
|
|
the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
|
|
<command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
|
|
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
|
|
resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
|
|
</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
|
|
Windows NT server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
passwd: files winbind
|
|
group: files winbind
|
|
## only available on IRIX: use winbind to resolve hosts:
|
|
# hosts: files dns winbind
|
|
## All other NSS enabled systems should use libnss_wins.so like this:
|
|
hosts: files dns wins
|
|
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following simple configuration in the
|
|
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
|
|
resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
|
|
WINS server.</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
hosts: files wins
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>OPTIONS</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-D|--daemon</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
|
|
the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
|
|
itself and runs in the background on the appropriate port.
|
|
This switch is assumed if <command>winbindd</command> is
|
|
executed on the command line of a shell.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-F|--foreground</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
|
|
the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
|
|
i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
|
|
Child processes are still created as normal to service
|
|
each connection request, but the main process does not
|
|
exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
|
|
<command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
|
|
as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
|
|
from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
|
|
package, or the AIX process monitor.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-S|--stdout</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
|
|
<command>winbindd</command> to log to standard output rather
|
|
than a file.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
&stdarg.server.debug;
|
|
&popt.common.samba;
|
|
&popt.autohelp;
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-i|--interactive</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
|
|
become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
|
|
option is used by developers when interactive debugging
|
|
of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
|
|
<command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
|
|
as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-n|--no-caching</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Disable some caching. This means winbindd will
|
|
often have to wait for a response from the domain controller
|
|
before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
|
|
slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
|
|
results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
|
|
might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
|
|
This does not disable the samlogon cache, which is required for
|
|
group membership tracking in trusted environments.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-process-group</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Do not create a new process group for winbindd.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
|
|
a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
|
|
user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
|
|
into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
|
|
and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
|
|
winbindd</command> performs. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
|
|
and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
|
|
is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
|
|
users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
|
|
or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
|
|
in a database and will be remembered. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
|
|
where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
|
|
store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
|
|
determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
|
|
and group rids. </para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
|
|
is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
|
|
[global] section of smb.conf. </para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<smbconfoption name="winbind: rpc only"/>
|
|
Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
|
|
instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain
|
|
Controllers.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
|
|
authentication from a domain controller use something like the
|
|
following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
|
|
following:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
passwd: files winbind
|
|
group: files winbind
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
|
|
auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
|
|
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
|
|
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
|
|
auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
|
|
use_first_pass shadow nullok
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<note><para>
|
|
The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
|
|
Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
|
|
</para></note>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
|
|
</parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
|
|
</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
|
|
<command>net</command> program like this: </para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
|
|
Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
|
|
Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
|
|
<filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
|
|
</filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
|
|
made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
|
|
<filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
|
|
older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
|
|
<filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
|
|
following:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
[global]
|
|
winbind separator = +
|
|
winbind cache time = 10
|
|
template shell = /bin/bash
|
|
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
|
|
idmap config * : range = 10000-20000
|
|
workgroup = DOMAIN
|
|
security = domain
|
|
password server = *
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
|
|
group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
|
|
and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
|
|
the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
|
|
commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
|
|
</command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>NOTES</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
|
|
running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
|
|
|
|
<para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must be running on the local machine
|
|
for <command>winbindd</command> to work. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
|
|
you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
|
|
to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
|
|
then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
|
|
be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
|
|
machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/> is configured.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
|
|
file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>SIGNALS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
|
|
<command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>SIGHUP</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
|
|
apply any parameter changes to the running
|
|
version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
|
|
user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
|
|
by winbindd is also reloaded.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Instead of sending a SIGHUP signal, a request to reload configuration
|
|
file may be sent using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbcontrol</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> program.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>SIGUSR2</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
|
|
winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
|
|
log file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
|
|
log file parameter.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
|
|
the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
|
|
winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
|
|
if both the <filename>/tmp/.winbindd</filename> directory
|
|
and <filename>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</filename> file are owned by
|
|
root. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
|
|
communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
|
|
reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
|
|
the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
|
|
only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
|
|
may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
|
|
programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
|
|
Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
|
|
if both the <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
|
|
and <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
|
|
root. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
|
|
id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
|
|
compiled using the <parameter>--with-lockdir</parameter> option.
|
|
This directory is by default <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
|
|
</filename>. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>VERSION</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This man page is part of version &doc.version; of
|
|
the Samba suite.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>AUTHOR</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The original Samba software and related utilities
|
|
were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
|
|
by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
|
|
to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
|
|
written by Tim Potter.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
|
|
by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
|
|
Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|