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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="migration.html" title="Part IV. Migration and Updating"><link rel="previous" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html" title="Chapter 30. Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.0"><link rel="next" href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter 32. SWAT - The Samba Web Administration Tool"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Migration and Updating</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="NT4Migration"></a>Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3, 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id3000009">Planning and Getting Started</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id3000033">Objectives</a></dt><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2998961">Steps In Migration Process</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id3001178">Migration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id3001259">Planning for Success</a></dt><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id3001500">Samba Implementation Choices</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
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This is a rough guide to assist those wishing to migrate from NT4 domain control to
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Samba-3 based domain control.
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</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id3000009"></a>Planning and Getting Started</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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In the IT world there is often a saying that all problems are encountered because of
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poor planning. The corrollary to this saying is that not all problems can be anticpated
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and planned for. Then again, good planning will anticpate most show stopper type situations.
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</p><p>
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Those wishing to migrate from MS Windows NT4 domain control to a Samba-3 domain control
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environment would do well to develop a detailed migration plan. So here are a few pointers to
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help migration get under way.
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</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id3000033"></a>Objectives</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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The key objective for most organisations will be to make the migration from MS Windows NT4
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to Samba-3 domain control as painless as possible. One of the challenges you may experience
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in your migration process may well be one of convincing management that the new environment
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should remain in place. Many who have introduced open source technologies have experienced
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pressure to return to a Microsoft based platform solution at the first sign of trouble.
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</p><p>
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It is strongly advised that before attempting a migration to a Samba-3 controlled network
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that every possible effort be made to gain all-round commitment to the change. Firstly, you
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should know precisely <span class="emphasis"><em>why</em></span> the change is important for the organisation.
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Possible motivations to make a change include:
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</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Improve network manageability</td></tr><tr><td>Obtain better user level functionality</td></tr><tr><td>Reduce network operating costs</td></tr><tr><td>Reduce exposure caused by Microsoft withdrawal of NT4 support</td></tr><tr><td>Avoid MS License 6 implications</td></tr><tr><td>Reduce organisation's dependency on Microsoft</td></tr></table><p>
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It is vital that it be well recognised that Samba-3 is NOT MS Windows NT4. Samba-3 offers
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an alternative solution that is both different from MS Windows NT4 and that offers some
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advantages compared with it. It should also be recognised that Samba-3 lacks many of the
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features that Microsoft has promoted as core values in migration from MS Windows NT4 to
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MS Windows 2000 and beyond (with or without Active Directory services).
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</p><p>
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What are the features that Samba-3 can NOT provide?
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</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Active Directory Server</td></tr><tr><td>Group Policy Objects (in Active Direcrtory)</td></tr><tr><td>Machine Policy objects</td></tr><tr><td>Logon Scripts in Active Directorty</td></tr><tr><td>Software Application and Access Controls in Active Directory</td></tr></table><p>
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The features that Samba-3 DOES provide and that may be of compelling interest to your site
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includes:
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</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Lower Cost of Ownership</td></tr><tr><td>Global availability of support with no strings attached</td></tr><tr><td>Dynamic SMB Servers (ie:Can run more than one server per Unix/Linux system)</td></tr><tr><td>Creation of on-the-fly logon scripts</td></tr><tr><td>Creation of on-the-fly Policy Files</td></tr><tr><td>Greater Stability, Reliability, Performance and Availability</td></tr><tr><td>Manageability via an ssh connection</td></tr><tr><td>Flexible choices of back-end authentication technologies (tdbsam, ldapsam, mysqlsam)</td></tr><tr><td>Ability to implement a full single-signon architecture</td></tr><tr><td>Ability to distribute authentication systems for absolute minimum wide area network bandwidth demand</td></tr></table><p>
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Before migrating a network from MS Windows NT4 to Samba-3 it is vital that all necessary factors are
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considered. Users should be educated about changes they may experience so that the change will be a
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welcome one and not become an obstacle to the work they need to do. The following are some of the
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factors that will go into a successful migration:
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</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2998734"></a>Domain Layout</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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Samba-3 can be configured as a domain controller, a back-up domain controller (probably best called
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a secondary controller), a domain member, or as a stand-alone server. The Windows network security
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domain context should be sized and scoped before implementation. Particular attention needs to be
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paid to the location of the primary domain controller (PDC) as well as backup controllers (BDCs).
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It should be noted that one way in which Samba-3 differs from Microsoft technology is that if one
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chooses to use an LDAP authentication backend then the same database can be used by several different
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domains. This means that in a complex organisation there can be a single LDAP database, that itself
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can be distributed, that can simultaneously serve multiple domains (that can also be widely distributed).
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</p><p>
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It is recommended that from a design perspective, the number of users per server, as well as the number
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of servers, per domain should be scaled according to needs and should also consider server capacity
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and network bandwidth.
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</p><p>
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A physical network segment may house several domains, each of which may span multiple network segments.
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Where domains span routed network segments it is most advisable to consider and test the performance
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implications of the design and layout of a network. A Centrally located domain controller that is being
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designed to serve mulitple routed network segments may result in severe performance problems if the
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response time (eg: ping timing) between the remote segment and the PDC is more than 100 ms. In situations
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where the delay is too long it is highly recommended to locate a backup controller (BDC) to serve as
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the local authentication and access control server.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2998787"></a>Server Share and Directory Layout</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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There are few cardinal rules to effective network design that can be broken with impunity.
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The most important rule of effective network management is that simplicity is king in every
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well controlled network. Every part of the infrastructure must be managed, the more complex
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it is, the greater will be the demand of keeping systems secure and functional.
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</p><p>
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The nature of the data that must be stored needs to be born in mind when deciding how many
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shares must be created. The physical disk space layout should also be taken into account
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when designing where share points will be created. Keep in mind that all data needs to be
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backed up, thus the simpler the disk layout the easier it will be to keep track of what must
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be backed up to tape or other off-line storage medium. Always plan and implement for minimum
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maintenance. Leave nothing to chance in your design, above all, do not leave backups to chance:
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Backup and test, validate every backup, create a disaster recovery plan and prove that it works.
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</p><p>
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Users should be grouped according to data access control needs. File and directory access
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is best controlled via group permissions and the use of the "sticky bit" on group controlled
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directories may substantially avoid file access complaints from samba share users.
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</p><p>
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Many network administrators who are new to the game will attempt to use elaborate techniques
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to set access controls, on files, directories, shares, as well as in share definitions.
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There is the ever present danger that that administrator's successor will not understand the
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complex mess that has been inherited. Remember, apparent job security through complex design
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and implementation may ultimately cause loss of operations and downtime to users as the new
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administrator learns to untangle your web. Keep access controls simple and effective and
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make sure that users will never be interrupted by the stupidity of complexity.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2998849"></a>Logon Scripts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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Please refer to the section of this document on Advanced Network Adminsitration for information
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regarding the network logon script options for Samba-3. Logon scripts can help to ensure that
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all users gain share and printer connections they need.
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</p><p>
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Logon scripts can be created on-the-fly so that all commands executed are specific to the
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rights and privilidges granted to the user. The preferred controls should be affected through
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group membership so that group information can be used to custom create a logong script using
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the <i class="parameter"><tt>root preexec</tt></i> parameters to the <tt class="filename">NETLOGON</tt> share.
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</p><p>
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Some sites prefer to use a tool such as <b class="command">kixstart</b> to establish a controlled
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user environment. In any case you may wish to do a google search for logon script process controls.
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In particular, you may wish to explore the use of the Microsoft knowledgebase article KB189105 that
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deals with how to add printers without user intervention via the logon script process.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2998906"></a>Profile Migration/Creation</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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User and Group Profiles may be migrated using the tools described in the section titled Desktop Profile
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Management.
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</p><p>
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Profiles may also be managed using the Samba-3 tool <b class="command">profiles</b>. This tool allows
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the MS Windows NT style security identifiers (SIDs) that are stored inside the profile NTuser.DAT file
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to be changed to the SID of the Samba-3 domain.
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</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2998936"></a>User and Group Accounts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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It is possible to migrate all account settings from an MS Windows NT4 domain to Samba-3. Before
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attempting to migrate user and group accounts it is STRONGLY advised to create in Samba-3 the
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groups that are present on the MS Windows NT4 domain <span class="emphasis"><em>AND</em></span> to connect these to
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suitable Unix/Linux groups. Following this simple advice will mean that all user and group attributes
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should migrate painlessly.
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</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2998961"></a>Steps In Migration Process</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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The approximate migration process is described below.
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</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
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You will have an NT4 PDC that has the users, groups, policies and profiles to be migrated
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</p></li><li><p>
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Samba-3 set up as a DC with netlogon share, profile share, etc.
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</p></li></ul></div><div class="procedure"><p class="title"><b>Procedure 31.1. The Account Migration Process</b></p><ol type="1"><li><p>Create a BDC account for the samba server using NT Server Manager</p><ol type="a"><li><p>Samba must NOT be running</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>rpcclient <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>lsaquery</p></li><li><p>Note the SID returned</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net getsid -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMNAME</tt></i> -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Note the SID</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net getlocalsid</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Note the SID, now check that all three SIDS reported are the same!</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net rpc join -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMNAME</tt></i> -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net rpc vampire -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -U administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -L</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Note - did the users migrate?</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>initGrps.sh <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMNAME</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap list</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Now check that all groups are recognised</p></li></ol></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net rpc campire -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -U administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -Lv</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Note - check that all group membership has been migrated</p></li></ol></li></ol></div><p>
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Now it is time to migrate all the profiles, then migrate all policy files.
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More later.
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</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id3001178"></a>Migration Options</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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Based on feedback from many sites as well as from actual installation and maintenance
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experience sites that wish to migrate from MS Windows NT4 Domain Control to a Samba
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based solution fit into three basic categories.
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</p><div class="table"><a name="id3001193"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 31.1. The 3 Major Site Types</b></p><table summary="The 3 Major Site Types" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Number of Users</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>< 50</td><td><p>Want simple conversion with NO pain</p></td></tr><tr><td>50 - 250</td><td><p>Want new features, can manage some in-house complexity</p></td></tr><tr><td>> 250</td><td><p>Solution/Implementation MUST scale well, complex needs. Cross departmental decision process. Local expertise in most areas</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id3001259"></a>Planning for Success</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
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There are three basic choices for sites that intend to migrate from MS Windwows NT4
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to Samba-3.
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</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
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Simple Conversion (total replacement)
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</p></li><li><p>
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Upgraded Conversion (could be one of integration)
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</p></li><li><p>
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Complete Redesign (completely new solution)
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</p></li></ul></div><p>
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No matter what choice you make, the following rules will minimise down-stream problems:
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</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
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Take sufficient time
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</p></li><li><p>
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Avoid Panic
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</p></li><li><p>
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Test ALL assumptions
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</p></li><li><p>
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Test full roll-out program, including workstation deployment
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</p></li></ul></div><div class="table"><a name="id3001329"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 31.2. Nature of the Conversion Choices</b></p><table summary="Nature of the Conversion Choices" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Simple</th><th>Upgraded</th><th>Redesign</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Make use of minimal OS specific features</p></td><td><p>Translate NT4 features to new host OS features</p></td><td><p>Decide:</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Suck all accounts from NT4 into Samba-3</p></td><td><p>Copy and improve:</p></td><td><p>Authentication Regime (database location and access)</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Make least number of operational changes</p></td><td><p>Make progressive improvements</p></td><td><p>Desktop Management Methods</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Take least amount of time to migrate</p></td><td><p>Minimise user impact</p></td><td><p>Better Control of Desktops / Users</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Live versus Isolated Conversion</p></td><td><p>Maximise functionality</p></td><td><p>Identify Needs for: Manageability, Scalability, Security, Availability</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Integrate Samba-3 then migrate while users are active, then Change of control (ie: swap out)</p></td><td><p>Take advantage of lower maintenance opportunity</p></td><td><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div xmlns:ns94="" class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id3001500"></a>Samba Implementation Choices</h3></div></div><div></div></div><pre class="programlisting">
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Authentication database back end
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Winbind (external Samba or NT4/200x server)
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Can use pam_mkhomedir.so to auto-create home dirs
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External server could use Active Directory or NT4 Domain
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Database type
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smbpasswd, tdbsam, ldapsam, MySQLsam
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Access Control Points
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On the Share itself (Use NT4 Server Manager)
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On the file system
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Unix permissions on files and directories
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Posix ACLs enablement in file system?
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Through Samba share parameters
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Not recommended - except as only resort
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Policies (migrate or create new ones)
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Group Policy Editor (NT4)
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Watch out for Tattoo effect
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User and Group Profiles
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Platform specific so use platform tool to change from a Local
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to a Roaming profile Can use new profiles tool to change SIDs
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(NTUser.DAT)
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Logon Scripts (Know how they work)
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User and Group mapping to Unix/Linux
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username map facility may be needed
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Use 'net groupmap' to connect NT4 groups to Unix groups
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Use pdbedit to set/change user configuration
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NOTE:
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If migrating to LDAP back end it may be easier to dump initial LDAP database
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to LDIF, then edit, then reload into LDAP
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OS specific scripts / programs may be needed
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Add / delete Users
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Note OS limits on size of name (Linux 8 chars)
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NT4 up to 254 chars
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Add / delete machines
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Applied only to domain members (note up to 16 chars)
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Add / delete Groups
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Note OS limits on size and nature
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Linux limit is 16 char,
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no spaces and no upper case chars (groupadd)
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Migration Tools
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Domain Control (NT4 Style)
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Profiles, Policies, Access Controls, Security
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Migration Tools
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Samba: net, rpcclient, smbpasswd, pdbedit, profiles
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Windows: NT4 Domain User Manager, Server Manager (NEXUS)
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Authentication
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New SAM back end (smbpasswd, tdbsam, ldapsam, mysqlsam)
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</pre><ns94:p>
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</ns94:p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="migration.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 30. Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.0 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 32. SWAT - The Samba Web Administration Tool</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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