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commit bdcf0a423ea1c40bbb40e7ee483b50fc8aa3d758 upstream.
In testing, we found that nfsd threads may call set_groups in parallel
for the same entry cached in auth.unix.gid, racing in the call of
groups_sort, corrupting the groups for that entry and leading to
permission denials for the client.
This patch:
- Make groups_sort globally visible.
- Move the call to groups_sort to the modifiers of group_info
- Remove the call to groups_sort from set_groups
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171211151420.18655-1-thiago.becker@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Thiago Rafael Becker <thiago.becker@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Acked-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 429a787be6793554ee02aacc7e1f11ebcecc4453 upstream.
For writes, we can get a completion in while we're still iterating
the request and bio chain. If that happens, we're reading freed
memory and we can crash.
Break out after the last segment and avoid having the iterator
read freed memory.
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 98801506552593c9b8ac11021b0cdad12cab4f6b upstream.
Fix the default for fscache_maybe_release_page() for when the cookie isn't
valid or the page isn't cached. It mustn't return false as that indicates
the page cannot yet be freed.
The problem with the default is that if, say, there's no cache, but a
network filesystem's pages are using up almost all the available memory, a
system can OOM because the filesystem ->releasepage() op will not allow
them to be released as fscache_maybe_release_page() incorrectly prevents
it.
This can be tested by writing a sequence of 512MiB files to an AFS mount.
It does not affect NFS or CIFS because both of those wrap the call in a
check of PG_fscache and it shouldn't bother Ceph as that only has
PG_private set whilst writeback is in progress. This might be an issue for
9P, however.
Note that the pages aren't entirely stuck. Removing a file or unmounting
will clear things because that uses ->invalidatepage() instead.
Fixes: 201a15428bd5 ("FS-Cache: Handle pages pending storage that get evicted under OOM conditions")
Reported-by: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Tested-by: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e2bf801ecd4e62222a46d1ba9e57e710171d29c1 upstream.
Include the OF-based modalias in the uevent sent when registering devices
on the sunxi RSB bus, so that user space has a chance to autoload the
kernel module for the device.
Fixes a regression caused by commit 3f241bfa60bd ("arm64: allwinner: a64:
pine64: Use dcdc1 regulator for mmc0"). When the axp20x-rsb module for
the AXP803 PMIC is built as a module, it is not loaded and the system
ends up with an disfunctional MMC controller.
Fixes: d787dcdb9c8f ("bus: sunxi-rsb: Add driver for Allwinner Reduced Serial Bus")
Acked-by: Chen-Yu Tsai <wens@csie.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Brüns <stefan.bruens@rwth-aachen.de>
Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d76c68109f37cb85b243a1cf0f40313afd2bae68 upstream.
pcrypt is using the old way of freeing instances, where the ->free()
method specified in the 'struct crypto_template' is passed a pointer to
the 'struct crypto_instance'. But the crypto_instance is being
kfree()'d directly, which is incorrect because the memory was actually
allocated as an aead_instance, which contains the crypto_instance at a
nonzero offset. Thus, the wrong pointer was being kfree()'d.
Fix it by switching to the new way to free aead_instance's where the
->free() method is specified in the aead_instance itself.
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Fixes: 0496f56065e0 ("crypto: pcrypt - Add support for new AEAD interface")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 203f45003a3d03eea8fa28d74cfc74c354416fdb upstream.
queue_cache_init is first called for the Control Word Queue
(n2_crypto_probe). At that time, queue_cache[0] is NULL and a new
kmem_cache will be allocated. If the subsequent n2_register_algs call
fails, the kmem_cache will be released in queue_cache_destroy, but
queue_cache_init[0] is not set back to NULL.
So when the Module Arithmetic Unit gets probed next (n2_mau_probe),
queue_cache_init will not allocate a kmem_cache again, but leave it
as its bogus value, causing a BUG() to trigger when queue_cache[0] is
eventually passed to kmem_cache_zalloc:
n2_crypto: Found N2CP at /virtual-devices@100/n2cp@7
n2_crypto: Registered NCS HVAPI version 2.0
called queue_cache_init
n2_crypto: md5 alg registration failed
n2cp f028687c: /virtual-devices@100/n2cp@7: Unable to register algorithms.
called queue_cache_destroy
n2cp: probe of f028687c failed with error -22
n2_crypto: Found NCP at /virtual-devices@100/ncp@6
n2_crypto: Registered NCS HVAPI version 2.0
called queue_cache_init
kernel BUG at mm/slab.c:2993!
Call Trace:
[0000000000604488] kmem_cache_alloc+0x1a8/0x1e0
(inlined) kmem_cache_zalloc
(inlined) new_queue
(inlined) spu_queue_setup
(inlined) handle_exec_unit
[0000000010c61eb4] spu_mdesc_scan+0x1f4/0x460 [n2_crypto]
[0000000010c62b80] n2_mau_probe+0x100/0x220 [n2_crypto]
[000000000084b174] platform_drv_probe+0x34/0xc0
Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 4d9570158b6260f449e317a5f9ed030c2504a615 upstream.
As Tsukada explains, the time_is_before_jiffies(acct->needcheck) check
is very wrong, we need time_is_after_jiffies() to make sys_acct() work.
Ignoring the overflows, the code should "goto out" if needcheck >
jiffies, while currently it checks "needcheck < jiffies" and thus in the
likely case check_free_space() does nothing until jiffies overflow.
In particular this means that sys_acct() is simply broken, acct_on()
sets acct->needcheck = jiffies and expects that check_free_space()
should set acct->active = 1 after the free-space check, but this won't
happen if jiffies increments in between.
This was broken by commit 32dc73086015 ("get rid of timer in
kern/acct.c") in 2011, then another (correct) commit 795a2f22a8ea
("acct() should honour the limits from the very beginning") made the
problem more visible.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171213133940.GA6554@redhat.com
Fixes: 32dc73086015 ("get rid of timer in kern/acct.c")
Reported-by: TSUKADA Koutaro <tsukada@ascade.co.jp>
Suggested-by: TSUKADA Koutaro <tsukada@ascade.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Kaiser cannot be used on paravirtualized MMUs (namely reading and writing CR3).
This does not work with KAISER as the CR3 switch from and to user space PGD
would require to map the whole XEN_PV machinery into both.
More importantly, enabling KAISER on Xen PV doesn't make too much sense, as PV
guests use distinct %cr3 values for kernel and user already.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that the required bits have been addressed, reenable
PARAVIRT.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Let kaiser_flush_tlb_on_return_to_user() do the X86_FEATURE_PCID
check, instead of each caller doing it inline first: nobody needs
to optimize for the noPCID case, it's clearer this way, and better
suits later changes. Replace those no-op X86_CR3_PCID_KERN_FLUSH lines
by a BUILD_BUG_ON() in load_new_mm_cr3(), in case something changes.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
I found asm/tlbflush.h too twisty, and think it safer not to avoid
__native_flush_tlb_global_irq_disabled() in the kaiser_enabled case,
but instead let it handle kaiser_enabled along with cr3: it can just
use __native_flush_tlb() for that, no harm in re-disabling preemption.
(This is not the same change as Kirill and Dave have suggested for
upstream, flipping PGE in cr4: that's neat, but needs a cpu_has_pge
check; cr3 is enough for kaiser, and thought to be cheaper than cr4.)
Also delete the X86_FEATURE_INVPCID invpcid_flush_all_nonglobals()
preference from __native_flush_tlb(): unlike the invpcid_flush_all()
preference in __native_flush_tlb_global(), it's not seen in upstream
4.14, and was recently reported to be surprisingly slow.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
I have not observed a might_sleep() warning from setup_fixmap_gdt()'s
use of kaiser_add_mapping() in our tree (why not?), but like upstream
we have not provided a way for that to pass is_atomic true down to
kaiser_pagetable_walk(), and at startup it's far from a likely source
of trouble: so just delete the walk's is_atomic arg and might_sleep().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that we're playing the ALTERNATIVE game, use that more efficient
method: instead of user-mapping an extra page, and reading an extra
cacheline each time for x86_cr3_pcid_noflush.
Neel has found that __stringify(bts $X86_CR3_PCID_NOFLUSH_BIT, %rax)
is a working substitute for the "bts $63, %rax" in these ALTERNATIVEs;
but the one line with $63 in looks clearer, so let's stick with that.
Worried about what happens with an ALTERNATIVE between the jump and
jump label in another ALTERNATIVE? I was, but have checked the
combinations in SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3_NO_STACK at entry_SYSCALL_64,
and it does a good job.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
AMD (and possibly other vendors) are not affected by the leak
KAISER is protecting against.
Keep the "nopti" for traditional reasons and add pti=<on|off|auto>
like upstream.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Concentrate it in arch/x86/mm/kaiser.c and use the upstream string "nopti".
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Added "nokaiser" boot option: an early param like "noinvpcid".
Most places now check int kaiser_enabled (#defined 0 when not
CONFIG_KAISER) instead of #ifdef CONFIG_KAISER; but entry_64.S
and entry_64_compat.S are using the ALTERNATIVE technique, which
patches in the preferred instructions at runtime. That technique
is tied to x86 cpu features, so X86_FEATURE_KAISER is fabricated.
Prior to "nokaiser", Kaiser #defined _PAGE_GLOBAL 0: revert that,
but be careful with both _PAGE_GLOBAL and CR4.PGE: setting them when
nokaiser like when !CONFIG_KAISER, but not setting either when kaiser -
neither matters on its own, but it's hard to be sure that _PAGE_GLOBAL
won't get set in some obscure corner, or something add PGE into CR4.
By omitting _PAGE_GLOBAL from __supported_pte_mask when kaiser_enabled,
all page table setup which uses pte_pfn() masks it out of the ptes.
It's slightly shameful that the same declaration versus definition of
kaiser_enabled appears in not one, not two, but in three header files
(asm/kaiser.h, asm/pgtable.h, asm/tlbflush.h). I felt safer that way,
than with #including any of those in any of the others; and did not
feel it worth an asm/kaiser_enabled.h - kernel/cpu/common.c includes
them all, so we shall hear about it if they get out of synch.
Cleanups while in the area: removed the silly #ifdef CONFIG_KAISER
from kaiser.c; removed the unused native_get_normal_pgd(); removed
the spurious reg clutter from SWITCH_*_CR3 macro stubs; corrected some
comments. But more interestingly, set CR4.PSE in secondary_startup_64:
the manual is clear that it does not matter whether it's 0 or 1 when
4-level-pts are enabled, but I was distracted to find cr4 different on
BSP and auxiliaries - BSP alone was adding PSE, in probe_page_size_mask().
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
An error from kaiser_add_mapping() here is not at all likely, but
Eric Biggers rightly points out that __free_ldt_struct() relies on
new_ldt->size being initialized: move that up.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
When removing the bogus comment from kaiser_remove_mapping(),
I really ought to have checked the extent of its bogosity: as
Neel points out, there is nothing to stop unmap_pud_range_nofree()
from continuing beyond the end of a pud (and starting in the wrong
position on the next).
Fix kaiser_remove_mapping() to constrain the extent and advance pgd
pointer correctly: use pgd_addr_end() macro as used throughout base
mm (but don't assume page-rounded start and size in this case).
But this bug was very unlikely to trigger in this backport: since
any buddy allocation is contained within a single pud extent, and
we are not using vmapped stacks (and are only mapping one page of
stack anyway): the only way to hit this bug here would be when
freeing a large modified ldt.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Neel Natu points out that paranoid_entry() was wrong to assume that
an entry that did not need swapgs would not need SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3:
paranoid_entry (used for debug breakpoint, int3, double fault or MCE;
though I think it's only the MCE case that is cause for concern here)
can break in at an awkward time, between cr3 switch and swapgs, but
its handling always needs kernel gs and kernel cr3.
Easy to fix in itself, but paranoid_entry() also needs to convey to
paranoid_exit() (and my reading of macro idtentry says paranoid_entry
and paranoid_exit are always paired) how to restore the prior state.
The swapgs state is already conveyed by %ebx (0 or 1), so extend that
also to convey when SWITCH_USER_CR3 will be needed (2 or 3).
(Yes, I'd much prefer that 0 meant no swapgs, whereas it's the other
way round: and a convention shared with error_entry() and error_exit(),
which I don't want to touch. Perhaps I should have inverted the bit
for switch cr3 too, but did not.)
paranoid_exit() would be straightforward, except for TRACE_IRQS: it
did TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ when doing swapgs, but TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG
when not: which is it supposed to use when SWITCH_USER_CR3 is split
apart from that? As best as I can determine, commit 5963e317b1e9
("ftrace/x86: Do not change stacks in DEBUG when calling lockdep")
missed the swapgs case, and should have used TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG
there too (the discrepancy has nothing to do with the liberal use
of _NO_STACK and _UNSAFE_STACK hereabouts: TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG has
just been used in all cases); discrepancy lovingly preserved across
several paranoid_exit() cleanups, but I'm now removing it.
Neel further indicates that to use SWITCH_USER_CR3_NO_STACK there in
paranoid_exit() is now not only unnecessary but unsafe: might corrupt
syscall entry's unsafe_stack_register_backup of %rax. Just use
SWITCH_USER_CR3: and delete SWITCH_USER_CR3_NO_STACK altogether,
before we make the mistake of using it again.
hughd adds: this commit fixes an issue in the Kaiser-without-PCIDs
part of the series, and ought to be moved earlier, if you decided
to make a release of Kaiser-without-PCIDs.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Mostly this commit is just unshouting X86_CR3_PCID_KERN_VAR and
X86_CR3_PCID_USER_VAR: we usually name variables in lower-case.
But why does x86_cr3_pcid_noflush need to be __aligned(PAGE_SIZE)?
Ah, it's a leftover from when kaiser_add_user_map() once complained
about mapping the same page twice. Make it __read_mostly instead.
(I'm a little uneasy about all the unrelated data which shares its
page getting user-mapped too, but that was so before, and not a big
deal: though we call it user-mapped, it's not mapped with _PAGE_USER.)
And there is a little change around the two calls to do_nmi().
Previously they set the NOFLUSH bit (if PCID supported) when
forcing to kernel context before do_nmi(); now they also have the
NOFLUSH bit set (if PCID supported) when restoring context after:
nothing done in do_nmi() should require a TLB to be flushed here.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Why was 4 chosen for kernel PCID and 6 for user PCID?
No good reason in a backport where PCIDs are only used for Kaiser.
If we continue with those, then we shall need to add Andy Lutomirski's
4.13 commit 6c690ee1039b ("x86/mm: Split read_cr3() into read_cr3_pa()
and __read_cr3()"), which deals with the problem of read_cr3() callers
finding stray bits in the cr3 that they expected to be page-aligned;
and for hibernation, his 4.14 commit f34902c5c6c0 ("x86/hibernate/64:
Mask off CR3's PCID bits in the saved CR3").
But if 0 is used for kernel PCID, then there's no need to add in those
commits - whenever the kernel looks, it sees 0 in the lower bits; and
0 for kernel seems an obvious choice.
And I naughtily propose 128 for user PCID. Because there's a place
in _SWITCH_TO_USER_CR3 where it takes note of the need for TLB FLUSH,
but needs to reset that to NOFLUSH for the next occasion. Currently
it does so with a "movb $(0x80)" into the high byte of the per-cpu
quadword, but that will cause a machine without PCID support to crash.
Now, if %al just happened to have 0x80 in it at that point, on a
machine with PCID support, but 0 on a machine without PCID support...
(That will go badly wrong once the pgd can be at a physical address
above 2^56, but even with 5-level paging, physical goes up to 2^52.)
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We have many machines (Westmere, Sandybridge, Ivybridge) supporting
PCID but not INVPCID: on these load_new_mm_cr3() simply crashed.
Flushing user context inside load_new_mm_cr3() without the use of
invpcid is difficult: momentarily switch from kernel to user context
and back to do so? I'm not sure whether that can be safely done at
all, and would risk polluting user context with kernel internals,
and kernel context with stale user externals.
Instead, follow the hint in the comment that was there: change
X86_CR3_PCID_USER_VAR to be a per-cpu variable, then load_new_mm_cr3()
can leave a note in it, for SWITCH_USER_CR3 on return to userspace to
flush user context TLB, instead of default X86_CR3_PCID_USER_NOFLUSH.
Which works well enough that there's no need to do it this way only
when invpcid is unsupported: it's a good alternative to invpcid here.
But there's a couple of inlines in asm/tlbflush.h that need to do the
same trick, so it's best to localize all this per-cpu business in
mm/kaiser.c: moving that part of the initialization from setup_pcid()
to kaiser_setup_pcid(); with kaiser_flush_tlb_on_return_to_user() the
function for noting an X86_CR3_PCID_USER_FLUSH. And let's keep a
KAISER_SHADOW_PGD_OFFSET in there, to avoid the extra OR on exit.
I did try to make the feature tests in asm/tlbflush.h more consistent
with each other: there seem to be far too many ways of performing such
tests, and I don't have a good grasp of their differences. At first
I converted them all to be static_cpu_has(): but that proved to be a
mistake, as the comment in __native_flush_tlb_single() hints; so then
I reversed and made them all this_cpu_has(). Probably all gratuitous
change, but that's the way it's working at present.
I am slightly bothered by the way non-per-cpu X86_CR3_PCID_KERN_VAR
gets re-initialized by each cpu (before and after these changes):
no problem when (as usual) all cpus on a machine have the same
features, but in principle incorrect. However, my experiment
to per-cpu-ify that one did not end well...
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Merged performance improvements to Kaiser, using distinct kernel
and user Process Context Identifiers to minimize the TLB flushing.
[This work actually all from Dave Hansen 2017-08-30:
still omitting trackswitch mods, and KAISER_REAL_SWITCH deleted.]
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The kaiser update made an interesting choice, never to free any shadow
page tables. Contention on global spinlock was worrying, particularly
with it held across page table scans when freeing. Something had to be
done: I was going to add refcounting; but simply never to free them is
an appealing choice, minimizing contention without complicating the code
(the more a page table is found already, the less the spinlock is used).
But leaking pages in this way is also a worry: can we get away with it?
At the very least, we need a count to show how bad it actually gets:
in principle, one might end up wasting about 1/256 of memory that way
(1/512 for when direct-mapped pages have to be user-mapped, plus 1/512
for when they are user-mapped from the vmalloc area on another occasion
(but we don't have vmalloc'ed stacks, so only large ldts are vmalloc'ed).
Add per-cpu stat NR_KAISERTABLE: including 256 at startup for the
shared pgd entries, and 1 for each intermediate page table added
thereafter for user-mapping - but leave out the 1 per mm, for its
shadow pgd, because that distracts from the monotonic increase.
Shown in /proc/vmstat as nr_overhead (0 if kaiser not enabled).
In practice, it doesn't look so bad so far: more like 1/12000 after
nine hours of gtests below; and movable pageblock segregation should
tend to cluster the kaiser tables into a subset of the address space
(if not, they will be bad for compaction too). But production may
tell a different story: keep an eye on this number, and bring back
lighter freeing if it gets out of control (maybe a shrinker).
["nr_overhead" should of course say "nr_kaisertable", if it needs
to stay; but for the moment we are being coy, preferring that when
Joe Blow notices a new line in his /proc/vmstat, he does not get
too curious about what this "kaiser" stuff might be.]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We fail to see what CONFIG_KAISER_REAL_SWITCH is for: it seems to be
left over from early development, and now just obscures tricky parts
of the code. Delete it before adding PCIDs, or nokaiser boot option.
(Or if there is some good reason to keep the option, then it needs
a help text - and a "depends on KAISER", so that all those without
KAISER are not asked the question. But we'd much rather delete it.)
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There's a 0x1000 in various places, which looks better with a name.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
While trying to get our gold link to work, four cleanups:
matched the gdt_page declaration to its definition;
in fiddling unsuccessfully with PERCPU_INPUT(), lined up backslashes;
lined up the backslashes according to convention in percpu-defs.h;
deleted the unused irq_stack_pointer addition to irq_stack_union.
Sad to report that aligning backslashes does not appear to help gold
align to 8192: but while these did not help, they are worth keeping.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Use tab not space so they line up properly, kaslr.o also.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Yes, unmap_pud_range_nofree()'s declaration ought to be in a
header file really, but I'm not sure we want to use it anyway:
so for now just declare it inside kaiser_remove_mapping().
And there doesn't seem to be such a thing as unmap_p4d_range(),
even in a 5-level paging tree.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
kaiser_add_user_map() took no notice when kaiser_pagetable_walk() failed.
And avoid its might_sleep() when atomic (though atomic at present unused).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Avoid perf crashes: place debug_store in the user-mapped per-cpu area
instead of allocating, and use page allocator plus kaiser_add_mapping()
to keep the BTS and PEBS buffers user-mapped (that is, present in the
user mapping, though visible only to kernel and hardware). The PEBS
fixup buffer does not need this treatment.
The need for a user-mapped struct debug_store showed up before doing
any conscious perf testing: in a couple of kernel paging oopses on
Westmere, implicating the debug_store offset of the per-cpu area.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
pjt has observed that nmi's second (nmi_from_kernel) call to do_nmi()
adjusted the %rdi regs arg, rightly when CONFIG_KAISER, but wrongly
when not CONFIG_KAISER.
Although the minimal change is to add an #ifdef CONFIG_KAISER around
the addq line, that looks cluttered, and I prefer how the first call
to do_nmi() handled it: prepare args in %rdi and %rsi before getting
into the CONFIG_KAISER block, since it does not touch them at all.
And while we're here, place the "#ifdef CONFIG_KAISER" that follows
each, to enclose the "Unconditionally restore CR3" comment: matching
how the "Unconditionally use kernel CR3" comment above is enclosed.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
It is absurd that KAISER should depend on SMP, but apparently nobody
has tried a UP build before: which breaks on implicit declaration of
function 'per_cpu_offset' in arch/x86/mm/kaiser.c.
Now, you would expect that to be trivially fixed up; but looking at
the System.map when that block is #ifdef'ed out of kaiser_init(),
I see that in a UP build __per_cpu_user_mapped_end is precisely at
__per_cpu_user_mapped_start, and the items carefully gathered into
that section for user-mapping on SMP, dispersed elsewhere on UP.
So, some other kind of section assignment will be needed on UP,
but implementing that is not a priority: just make KAISER depend
on SMP for now.
Also inserted a blank line before the option, tidied up the
brief Kconfig help message, and added an "If unsure, Y".
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Include linux/kaiser.h instead of asm/kaiser.h to build ldt.c without
CONFIG_KAISER. kaiser_add_mapping() does already return an error code,
so fix the FIXME.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Kaiser only needs to map one page of the stack; and
kernel/fork.c did not build on powerpc (no __PAGE_KERNEL).
It's all cleaner if linux/kaiser.h provides kaiser_map_thread_stack()
and kaiser_unmap_thread_stack() wrappers around asm/kaiser.h's
kaiser_add_mapping() and kaiser_remove_mapping(). And use
linux/kaiser.h in init/main.c to avoid the #ifdefs there.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
native_pgd_clear() uses native_set_pgd(), so native_set_pgd() must
avoid setting the _PAGE_NX bit on an otherwise pgd_none() entry:
usually that just generated a warning on exit, but sometimes
more mysterious and damaging failures (our production machines
could not complete booting).
The original fix to this just avoided adding _PAGE_NX to
an empty entry; but eventually more problems surfaced with kexec,
and EFI mapping expected to be a problem too. So now instead
change native_set_pgd() to update shadow only if _PAGE_USER:
A few places (kernel/machine_kexec_64.c, platform/efi/efi_64.c for sure)
use set_pgd() to set up a temporary internal virtual address space, with
physical pages remapped at what Kaiser regards as userspace addresses:
Kaiser then assumes a shadow pgd follows, which it will try to corrupt.
This appears to be responsible for the recent kexec and kdump failures;
though it's unclear how those did not manifest as a problem before.
Ah, the shadow pgd will only be assumed to "follow" if the requested
pgd is on an even-numbered page: so I suppose it was going wrong 50%
of the time all along.
What we need is a flag to set_pgd(), to tell it we're dealing with
userspace. Er, isn't that what the pgd's _PAGE_USER bit is saying?
Add a test for that. But we cannot do the same for pgd_clear()
(which may be called to clear corrupted entries - set aside the
question of "corrupt in which pgd?" until later), so there just
rely on pgd_clear() not being called in the problematic cases -
with a WARN_ON_ONCE() which should fire half the time if it is.
But this is getting too big for an inline function: move it into
arch/x86/mm/kaiser.c (which then demands a boot/compressed mod);
and de-void and de-space native_get_shadow/normal_pgd() while here.
Also make an unnecessary change to KASLR's init_trampoline(): it was
using set_pgd() to assign a pgd-value to a global variable (not in a
pg directory page), which was rather scary given Kaiser's previous
set_pgd() implementation: not a problem now, but too scary to leave
as was, it could easily blow up if we have to change set_pgd() again.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Merged fixes and cleanups, rebased to 4.9.51 tree (no 5-level paging).
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch introduces our implementation of KAISER (Kernel Address Isolation to
have Side-channels Efficiently Removed), a kernel isolation technique to close
hardware side channels on kernel address information.
More information about the patch can be found on:
https://github.com/IAIK/KAISER
From: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
From: Daniel Gruss <daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at>
Subject: [RFC, PATCH] x86_64: KAISER - do not map kernel in user mode
Date: Thu, 4 May 2017 14:26:50 +0200
Link: http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=149390087310405&w=2
Kaiser-4.10-SHA1: c4b1831d44c6144d3762ccc72f0c4e71a0c713e5
To: <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
To: <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>
Cc: <clementine.maurice@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: <moritz.lipp@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: Michael Schwarz <michael.schwarz@iaik.tugraz.at>
Cc: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <anders.fogh@gdata-adan.de>
After several recent works [1,2,3] KASLR on x86_64 was basically
considered dead by many researchers. We have been working on an
efficient but effective fix for this problem and found that not mapping
the kernel space when running in user mode is the solution to this
problem [4] (the corresponding paper [5] will be presented at ESSoS17).
With this RFC patch we allow anybody to configure their kernel with the
flag CONFIG_KAISER to add our defense mechanism.
If there are any questions we would love to answer them.
We also appreciate any comments!
Cheers,
Daniel (+ the KAISER team from Graz University of Technology)
[1] http://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP2013/papers/4977a191.pdf
[2] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Fogh-Using-Undocumented-CPU-Behaviour-To-See-Into-Kernel-Mode-And-Break-KASLR-In-The-Process.pdf
[3] https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Jang-Breaking-Kernel-Address-Space-Layout-Randomization-KASLR-With-Intel-TSX.pdf
[4] https://github.com/IAIK/KAISER
[5] https://gruss.cc/files/kaiser.pdf
[patch based also on
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IAIK/KAISER/master/KAISER/0001-KAISER-Kernel-Address-Isolation.patch]
Signed-off-by: Richard Fellner <richard.fellner@student.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Moritz Lipp <moritz.lipp@iaik.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Gruss <daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at>
Signed-off-by: Michael Schwarz <michael.schwarz@iaik.tugraz.at>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e505371dd83963caae1a37ead9524e8d997341be upstream.
Add a cmdline_find_option() function to look for cmdline options that
take arguments. The argument is returned in a supplied buffer and the
argument length (regardless of whether it fits in the supplied buffer)
is returned, with -1 indicating not found.
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Toshimitsu Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: kasan-dev@googlegroups.com
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/36b5f97492a9745dce27682305f990fc20e5cf8a.1500319216.git.thomas.lendacky@amd.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 600647d467c6d04b3954b41a6ee1795b5ae00550 upstream.
Fix BBR so that upon notification of a loss recovery undo BBR resets
long-term bandwidth sampling.
Under high reordering, reordering events can be interpreted as loss.
If the reordering and spurious loss estimates are high enough, this
can cause BBR to spuriously estimate that we are seeing loss rates
high enough to trigger long-term bandwidth estimation. To avoid that
problem, this commit resets long-term bandwidth sampling on loss
recovery undo events.
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Acked-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2f6c498e4f15d27852c04ed46d804a39137ba364 upstream.
Fix BBR so that upon notification of a loss recovery undo BBR resets
the full pipe detection (STARTUP exit) state machine.
Under high reordering, reordering events can be interpreted as loss.
If the reordering and spurious loss estimates are high enough, this
could previously cause BBR to spuriously estimate that the pipe is
full.
Since spurious loss recovery means that our overall sending will have
slowed down spuriously, this commit gives a flow more time to probe
robustly for bandwidth and decide the pipe is really full.
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Acked-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
