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NAME is kind of meaningless, because everything has a name. "Unit"
makes it more obvious that a name of a unit is necessary. I was always
momentarily baffled by "set-property NAME ASSIGNMENT...", where there
are two objects (the unit and the property), and it's not clear which of
the two "NAME" is supposed to signify.
We already made a similar change when talking about the "restart"
command, let's also do this for "systemctl reload" and friends.
Follow-up for: 6539dd7c42
See: #7126
This documents the status quo, clarifying when we are synchronous and
when asynchronous by default and when --no-block is support to force
asynchronous operation.
See: #6479
I think this matches the spirit of "indirect" well: the unit
*might* be active, even though it is not "installed" in the
sense of symlinks created based on the [Install] section.
The changes to test-install-root touch the same lines as in the previous
commit; the change in each case is from
assert_se(unit_file_get_state(...) >= 0 && state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED)
to
assert_se(unit_file_get_state(...) >= 0 && state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED)
to
assert_se(unit_file_get_state(...) >= 0 && state == UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT)
in the last two commits.
When a unit has a symlink that makes an alias in the filesystem,
but that name is not specified in [Install], it is confusing
is the unit is shown as "enabled". Look only for names specified
in Alias=.
Fixes#6338.
v2:
- Fix indentation.
- Fix checking for normal enablement, when the symlink name is the same as the
unit name. This case wasn't handled properly in v1.
v3:
- Rework the patch to also handle templates properly:
A template templ@.service with DefaultInstance=foo will be considered
enabled only when templ@foo.service symlink is found. Symlinks with
other instance names do not count, which matches the logic for aliases
to normal units. Tests are updated.
The irreversible job mode is required to ensure that shutdown is not
interrupted by the activation of a unit with a conflict.
We already used the correct job mode for `ctrl-alt-del.target`. But not
for `exit.target` (SIGINT of user manager). The SIGRT shutdown signals
also needed fixing.
Also change SIGRTMIN+0 to isolate default.target, instead of starting
it. The previous behaviour was documented. However there was no reason
given for it, nor can we provide one. The problem that isolate is too
aggressive anywhere outside of emergency.target (#2607) is orthogonal.
This feature is "accessible by different means and only really a safety
net"; it is confusing for it to differ from `systemctl default` without
explanation.
`AllowIsolate=yes` is retained on poweroff.target etc. for backwards
compatibility.
`sigpwr.target` is also an obvious candidate for linking to a shutdown
target. Unforunately it is also a possible hook for implementing some
logic like system V init did, reading `/etc/powerstatus`. If we switched
to starting `sigpwr.target` with REPLACE_IRREVERSIBLY, attempts to run
`systemctl shutdown` from it would fail, if they had not thought to set
`DefaultDependencies=no`. We had provided no examples for `sigpwr`, and
the whole idea is cruft to keep legacy people happy. For the moment, I
leave `sigpwr` alone, with no risk of disrupting anyone's
previously-working, half-working, or untested setup.
Fixes#6484. See also #6471
The last sentence in the paragraph described the behaviour of `--global`. But "the last case" we listed was "only this boot", which does not match... This was the fifth case described, but there are only _four_ different option names. Fix it.
Also called "ANSI-C Quoting" in info:(bash) ANSI-C Quoting.
The escaping rules are a POSIX proposal, and are described in
http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=249. There's a lot of back-and-forth on
the details of escaping of control characters, but we'll be only using a small
subset of the syntax that is common to all proposals and is widely supported.
Unfortunately dash and fish and maybe some other shells do not support it (see
the man page patch for a list).
This allows environment variables to be safely exported using show-environment
and imported into the shell. Shells which do not support this syntax will have
to do something like
export $(systemctl show-environment|grep -v '=\$')
or whatever is appropriate in their case. I think csh and fish do not support
the A=B syntax anyway, so the change is moot for them.
Fixes#5536.
v2:
- also escape newlines (which currently disallowed in shell values, so this
doesn't really matter), and tabs (as $'\t'), and ! (as $'!'). This way quoted
output can be included directly in both interactive and noninteractive bash.
Per man:file-hierarchy(7), /lib is just a compatibility symlink; the
other manpages also refer to /usr/lib.
Found with:
git grep -P '(?<!/usr|/var|local)/lib' man/
'systemctl --failed' is an extremely common operation and it's nice to have
a shortcut for it.
Revert "man: don't document systemctl --failed" and add the option back to
systemctl's help and shell completion scripts.
This reverts commit 036359ba8d.
- Show example of all `systemctl status` output and documents what possible
"Loaded:", "Active" and "Enabled" values mean.
- Documents what different colors of the dot mean.
- Documents "gotcha" with load-on-demand behavior which will report units as
"loaded" even if they are only loaded to show their status.
(From @poettering: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/5063#issuecomment-272115024 )
When a user is trying to understand what is going on with a restart action, it is useful to explicitly describe how the action is run. It may seem obvious, but it is helpful to be explicit so one knows there isn't a special ExecRestart= or similar option that they could be looking at.
As requested in
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/4864#pullrequestreview-12372557.
docbook will substitute triple dots for the ellipsis in man output, so this has
no effect on the troff output, only on HTML, making it infinitesimally nicer.
In some places we show output from programs, which use dots, and those places
should not be changed. In some tables, the alignment would change if dots were
changed to the ellipsis which is only one character. Since docbook replaces the
ellipsis automatically, we should leave those be. This patch changes all other
places.
It may be desired by users to know what targets a particular service is
installed into. Improve user friendliness by teaching the is-enabled
command to show such information when used with --full.
This patch makes use of the newly added UnitFileFlags and adds
UNIT_FILE_DRY_RUN flag into it. Since the API had already been modified,
it's now easy to add the new dry-run feature for other commands as
well. As a next step, --dry-run could be added to systemctl, which in
turn might pave the way for a long requested dry-run feature when
running systemctl start.
This adds two (privileged) bus calls Ref() and Unref() to the Unit interface.
The two calls may be used by clients to pin a unit into memory, so that various
runtime properties aren't flushed out by the automatic GC. This is necessary
to permit clients to race-freely acquire runtime results (such as process exit
status/code or accumulated CPU time) on successful service termination.
Ref() and Unref() are fully recursive, hence act like the usual reference
counting concept in C. Taking a reference is a privileged operation, as this
allows pinning units into memory which consumes resources.
Transient units may also gain a reference at the time of creation, via the new
AddRef property (that is only defined for transient units at the time of
creation).
The man pages didn't ever mention that symlinks to units can be created, and what
exactly this means. Fix that omission, and disallow presets on alias names.
To "search something", in the meaning of looking for it, is valid,
but "search _for_ something" is much more commonly used, especially when
the meaning could be confused with "looking _through_ something"
(for some other object).
(C.f. "the police search a person", "the police search for a person".)
Also reword the rest of the paragraph to avoid using "automatically"
three times.
Clarify that "systemctl enable" can operate either on unit names or on unit
file paths (also, adjust the --help text to clarify this). Say that "systemctl
enable" on unit file paths also links the unit into the search path.
Many other fixes.
This should improve the documentation to avoid further confusion around #3706.
When "preset" was executed for a unit without install info, we'd warn similarly
as for "enable" and "disable". But "preset" is usually called for all units,
because the preset files are provided by the distribution, and the units are under
control of individual programs, and it's reasonable to call "preset" for all units
rather then try to do it only for the ones that can be installed.
We also don't warn about missing info for "preset-all". Thus it seems reasonable
to silently ignore units w/o install info when presetting.
(In addition, when more than one unit was specified, we'd issue the warning
only if none of them had install info. But this is probably something to fix
for enable/disable too.)
This allows dropping all user configuration and reverting back to the vendor
default of a unit file. It basically undoes what "systemctl edit", "systemctl
set-property" and "systemctl mask" do.
Now, that the search path logic knows the unit path for transient units we also
can introduce an explicit unit file state "transient" that clarifies to the
user what kind of unit file he is encountering.
Now that we store the generator directories in LookupPaths we can use this to
intrdouce a new unit file state called "generated", for units in these
directories.
Fixes: #2348
With this option, systemctl will only print the rhs in show:
$ systemctl show -p Wants,After systemd-journald --value
systemd-journald.socket ...
systemd-journald-dev-log.socket ...
This is useful in scripts, because the need to call awk or similar
is removed.
The "is-enabled" command doesn't care whether the symlinks are declared in the
[Install] section of a unit file or not, when returning "enabled". Any alias,
.wants/ or .requires/ symlinks suffice.
Fixes: #975
But also keep the old name as (undocumented) compatibility around.
The reload-or-try-restart was documented to be a NOP if the unit is not running, since the previous commits this is
also implemented. The old name suggests that the "try" logic only applies to restarting. Fix this, by moving the "try-"
to the front, to indicate that the whole option is a NOP if the service isn't running.
'set-property' has been primarly designed to change some properties of
*active* units.
However it can easily work on inactive units as well. In that case
changes are only saved in a drop-in for futur uses and changes will be
effective when unit will be started.
Actually it already works on inactive units but that was not
documented and not fully supported. Indeed the inactive units had to
be known by the manager otherwise it was reported as not loaded:
$ systemctl status my-test.service
* my-test.service - My Testing Unit
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/my-test.service; static; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service.d
Active: inactive (dead)
$ systemctl set-property my-test.service MemoryLimit=1000000
Failed to set unit properties on my-test.service: Unit my-test.service is not loaded.
[ Note: that the unit load state reported by the 'status' command
might be confusing since it claimed the unit as loaded but
'set-property' reported the contrary. ]
One can possibily workaround this by making the unit a dependency of
another active unit so the manager will keep it around:
$ systemctl add-wants multi-user.target my-test.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/my-test.service to /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service.
$ systemctl set-property my-test.service MemoryLimit=1000000
$ systemctl status my-test.service
* my-test.service - My Testing Unit
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/my-test.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/my-test.service.d
`-50-MemoryLimit.conf
Active: inactive (dead)
This patch simply forces 'SetUnitProperties()' to load the unit if
it's not already the case.
It also documents the fact that 'set-property' can be used on inactive
units.
As discussed at systemd.conf 2015 and on also raised on the ML:
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-November/034880.html
This removes the two XyzOverridable= unit dependencies, that were
basically never used, and do not enhance user experience in any way.
Most folks looking for the functionality this provides probably opt for
the "ignore-dependencies" job mode, and that's probably a good idea.
Hence, let's simplify systemd's dependency engine and remove these two
dependency types (and their inverses).
The unit file parser and the dbus property parser will now redirect
the settings/properties to result in an equivalent non-overridable
dependency. In the case of the unit file parser we generate a warning,
to inform the user.
The dbus properties for this unit type stay available on the unit
objects, but they are now hidden from usual introspection and will
always return the empty list when queried.
This should provide enough compatibility for the few unit files that
actually ever made use of this.
Some distributions use alias unit files via symlinks in /usr to cover
for legacy service names. With this change we'll allow "systemctl
enable" on such aliases.
Previously, our rule was that symlinks are user configuration that
"systemctl enable" + "systemctl disable" creates and removes, while unit
files is where the instructions to do so are store. As a result of the
rule we'd never read install information through symlinks, since that
would mix enablement state with installation instructions.
Now, the new rule is that only symlinks inside of /etc are
configuration. Unit files, and symlinks in /usr are now valid for
installation instructions.
This patch is quite a rework of the whole install logic, and makes the
following addional changes:
- Adds a complete test "test-instal-root" that tests the install logic
pretty comprehensively.
- Never uses canonicalize_file_name(), because that's incompatible with
operation relative to a specific root directory.
- unit_file_get_state() is reworked to return a proper error, and
returns the state in a call-by-ref parameter. This cleans up confusion
between the enum type and errno-like errors.
- The new logic puts a limit on how long to follow unit file symlinks:
it will do so only for 64 steps at max.
- The InstallContext object's fields are renamed to will_process and
has_processed (will_install and has_installed) since they are also
used for deinstallation and all kinds of other operations.
- The root directory is always verified before use.
- install.c is reordered to place the exported functions together.
- Stricter rules are followed when traversing symlinks: the unit suffix
must say identical, and it's not allowed to link between regular units
and templated units.
- Various modernizations
- The "invalid" unit file state has been renamed to "bad", in order to
avoid confusion between UNIT_FILE_INVALID and
_UNIT_FILE_STATE_INVALID. Given that the state should normally not be
seen and is not documented this should not be a problematic change.
The new name is now documented however.
Fixes#1375, #1718, #1706
Snapshots were never useful or used for anything. Many systemd
developers that I spoke to at systemd.conf2015, didn't even know they
existed, so it is fairly safe to assume that this type can be deleted
without harm.
The fundamental problem with snapshots is that the state of the system
is dynamic, devices come and go, users log in and out, timers fire...
and restoring all units to some state from the past would "undo"
those changes, which isn't really possible.
Tested by creating a snapshot, running the new binary, and checking
that the transition did not cause errors, and the snapshot is gone,
and snapshots cannot be created anymore.
New systemctl says:
Unknown operation snapshot.
Old systemctl says:
Failed to create snapshot: Support for snapshots has been removed.
IgnoreOnSnaphost settings are warned about and ignored:
Support for option IgnoreOnSnapshot= has been removed and it is ignored
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-November/034872.html
This sounds like the better place to expose this than in "systemd-notify
--booted".
Also document the so far undocumented "unknown" state the command might
return. And rearrange the table of states documented to be more like the
one for "is-running".
Also, don't document the precise exit code of this function, just say
errors are reported != 0 or > 0...
When a systemd service running in a container exits with a non-zero
code, it can be useful to terminate the container immediately and get
the exit code back to the host, when systemd-nspawn returns. This was
not possible to do. This patch adds the following to make it possible:
- Add a read-only "ExitCode" property on PID 1's "Manager" bus object.
By default, it is 0 so the behaviour stays the same as previously.
- Add a method "SetExitCode" on the same object. The method fails when
called on baremetal: it is only allowed in containers or in user
session.
- Add support in systemctl to call "systemctl exit 42". It reuses the
existing code for user session.
- Add exit.target and systemd-exit.service to the system instance.
- Change main() to actually call systemd-shutdown to exit() with the
correct value.
- Add verb 'exit' in systemd-shutdown with parameter --exit-code
- Update systemctl manpage.
I used the following to test it:
| $ sudo rkt --debug --insecure-skip-verify run \
| --mds-register=false --local docker://busybox \
| --exec=/bin/chroot -- /proc/1/root \
| systemctl --force exit 42
| ...
| Container rkt-895a0cba-5c66-4fa5-831c-e3f8ddc5810d failed with error code 42.
| $ echo $?
| 42
Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/1290
Enable unprivileged users to set wall message on a shutdown
operation. When the message is set via the --message option,
it is logged together with the default shutdown message.
$ systemctl reboot --message "Applied kernel updates."
$ journalctl -b -1
...
systemd-logind[27]: System is rebooting. (Applied kernel updates.)
...
If the EDITOR environment variable is not set, the Debian policy
recommends to use the /usr/bin/editor program as default editor.
This file is managed via the dpkg alternatives mechanism and typically
used in Debian/Ubuntu and derivatives to configure the default editor.
See section 11.4 of the Debian policy [1].
Therefor prefer /usr/bin/editor over specific editors if available.
[1] https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs.html
Export the MOUNT_PATH and UMOUNT_PATH variables as XML entities and use them in
the systemctl.1 manpage instead of hardcoding the path in /usr/bin.
Tested:
- Ran ./configure ac_cv_path_MOUNT_PATH=/bin/mount (same for umount) and
rebuilt the manpages, confirmed that the correct path was in man/systemctl.1
- Rebuilt man/systemd.directives.xml and the man pages derived from it,
confirmed that the correct paths were there as well.
In particular, use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd in distributions
like Debian which still have not adopted a /usr merge setup.
Use XML entities from man/custom-entities.ent to replace configured paths while
doing XSLT processing of the original XML files. There was precedent of some
files (such as systemd.generator.xml) which were already using this approach.
This addresses most of the (manual) fixes from this patch:
http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/patches/Fix-paths-in-man-pages.patch?h=experimental-220
The idea of using generic XML entities was presented here:
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032240.html
This patch solves almost all the issues, with the exception of:
- Path to /bin/mount and /bin/umount.
- Generic statements about preference of /lib over /etc.
These will be handled separately by follow up patches.
Tested:
- With default configure settings, ran "make install" to two separate
directories and compared the output to confirm they matched exactly.
- Used a set of configure flags including $CONFFLAGS from Debian:
http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/rules
Installed the tree and confirmed the paths use /lib/systemd instead of
/usr/lib/systemd and that no other unexpected differences exist.
- Confirmed that `make distcheck` still passes.
It helps editing units by either creating a drop-in file, like
/etc/systemd/system/my.service.d/override.conf, or by copying the
original unit from /usr/lib/systemd/ to /etc/systemd/ if the --full
option is specified.
It invokes an editor on temporary files related to the unit files and
if the editor exited successfully, then it renames the temporary files
to their original names (e.g. my.service or override.conf) and
daemon-reload is invoked.
If the temporary file is empty the modification is canceled.
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=906824
The previous version was a bit too vague. It is better
to simply list all dependency types that are followed.
Previous version also made an emphasis on dependencies introduced by
configuration. But this command (or systemd) don't care about this
distinction between configured and automatically added dependencies at
all. This distinctionis removed from the main description, and an
explanatory paragraph is added to remind the user that all
dependencies are shown, no matter where they come from.
In the long run we really should figure out if we want to stick with 8ch
or 2ch indenting, and not continue with half-and-half. For now, just
make emacs aware of the files that use 2ch indenting.
This effectively reverts 599b6322f1, which
in turn partially reverted 4dc5b821ae.
The --failed switch is not documented on purpose, since it is redundant
due to --state=failed, which it predates. Due to that it's not
documented in --help either.
We generally try to avoid redundant interfaces, but if we need to keep
them for compatibility we do so, however remove them from documentation
to ensure they are not used in future.
The man page is now changed to include a comment about the fact that
--failed is not documented on purpose. Also, explicitly mention
--state=failed as example for --state.
It is annoying when we have dead links on fd.o.
Add project='man-pages|die-net|archlinux' to <citerefentry>-ies.
In generated html, add external links to
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man, http://linux.die.net/man/,
https://www.archlinux.org/.
By default, pages in sections 2 and 4 go to man7, since Michael
Kerrisk is the autorative source on kernel related stuff.
The rest of links goes to linux.die.net, because they have the
manpages.
Except for the pacman stuff, since it seems to be only available from
archlinux.org.
Poor gummiboot gets no link, because gummitboot(8) ain't to be found
on the net. According to common wisdom, that would mean that it does
not exist. But I have seen Kay using it, so I know it does, and
deserves to be found. Can somebody be nice and put it up somewhere?
The new "systemctl preset-all" command may now be used to put all
installed units back into the enable/disable state the vendor/admin
encoded in preset files.
Also, introduce "systemctl --preset-mode=enable-only" and "systemctl
--preset-mode=disable-only" to only apply the enable or only the disable
operations of a "systemctl preset" or "systemctl preset-all" operation.
"systemctl preset-all" implements this RFE:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=630174
Commit 4a77ca7 was an attempt at fixing the wording of --after and --before,
but the new wording was unclear.
Split the combined --after/--before section into a separate section for
each, explicitly state what each option does, and add information about
how these lists are generated.
Reported-by: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
"systemctl list-machines" shows one line per local container which
includes the current system state of the container, the number of failed
units as well as the number of currently queued jobs.
Issues fixed:
* missing words required by grammar
* duplicated or extraneous words
* inappropriate forms (e.g. singular/plural), and declinations
* orthographic misspellings
Actually 'STDOUT' is something that doesn't appear anywhere: in the
stdlib we have 'stdin', and there's only the constant STDOUT_FILENO,
so there's no reason to use capitals. When refering to code,
STDOUT/STDOUT/STDERR are replaced with stdin/stdout/stderr, and in
other places they are replaced with normal phrases like standard
output, etc.
This allows customization of the arguments used by less. The main
motivation is that some folks might not like having --no-init on every
invocation of less.
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to:
- missing words, preposition choice.
- change of /lib to /usr/lib, because that is what most distros are
using as the system-wide location for systemd/udev files.
