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--include-partitions and --exclude-partitions now fully exclude
partitions from repart. Whenever a partition type is excluded, we
don't take any partitions of that type into account at all when
running systemd-repart.
--skip-partitions= is introduced to do what --exclude-partitions did
previously. Any skipped partitions are taken into acount when doing
size calculations, but are not yet populated.
Why do we need both concepts? Exclusion is needed so that we can
use shared repart definitions to generate bootable and non-bootable
images. When generating a non-bootable image, we use --exclude-partitions
to exclude the ESP partition. Skipping is needed so that we can
populate the root partition while skipping the ESP partition, get
the roothash of the root partition, use that to generate a UKI, and
finally populate the ESP partition with the UKI included.
We said "query the journal". This is true but also very generic. Let's say
"print log entries from the journal" instead, so that users who are looking for
"logging" are more likely to figure out that the journalctl is the tool for
them.
Also, mention systemd-journal-remote.service which can write the journal too.
And give some hints how to figure out how to write *to* the journal.
Now that the random seed is used on virtualized systems, there's no
point in having a random-seed-mode toggle switch. Let's just always
require it now, with the existing logic already being there to allow not
having it if EFI itself has an RNG. In other words, the logic for this
can now be automatic.
Let's allow filtering the partitions to operate on by partition
type UUID. This is necessary when building bootable images with a
verity protected root/usr partition as we can only build the UKI
image when we have the verity roothash which means we cannot populate
the EFI partition yet when we run repart initially to determine the
verity roothash.
Rather than passing seeds up to userspace via EFI variables, pass seeds
directly to the kernel's EFI stub loader, via LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID.
EFI variables can potentially leak and suffer from forward secrecy
issues, and processing these with userspace means that they are
initialized much too late in boot to be useful. In contrast,
LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID uses EFI configuration tables, and so
is hidden from userspace entirely, and is parsed extremely early on by
the kernel, so that every single call to get_random_bytes() by the
kernel is seeded.
In order to do this properly, we use a bit more robust hashing scheme,
and make sure that each input is properly memzeroed out after use. The
scheme is:
key = HASH(LABEL || sizeof(input1) || input1 || ... || sizeof(inputN) || inputN)
new_disk_seed = HASH(key || 0)
seed_for_linux = HASH(key || 1)
The various inputs are:
- LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID from prior bootloaders
- 256 bits of seed from EFI's RNG
- The (immutable) system token, from its EFI variable
- The prior on-disk seed
- The UEFI monotonic counter
- A timestamp
This also adjusts the secure boot semantics, so that the operation is
only aborted if it's not possible to get random bytes from EFI's RNG or
a prior boot stage. With the proper hashing scheme, this should make
boot seeds safe even on secure boot.
There is currently a bug in Linux's EFI stub in which if the EFI stub
manages to generate random bytes on its own using EFI's RNG, it will
ignore what the bootloader passes. That's annoying, but it means that
either way, via systemd-boot or via EFI stub's mechanism, the RNG *does*
get initialized in a good safe way. And this bug is now fixed in the
efi.git tree, and will hopefully be backported to older kernels.
As the kernel recommends, the resultant seeds are 256 bits and are
allocated using pool memory of type EfiACPIReclaimMemory, so that it
gets freed at the right moment in boot.
A copy paste error has crippled in the objcopy example in 'systemd-measure'
manual, "--change-section-vma" should reference the section being added,
not ".splash". When used as-is, the resulting UKI is unbootable.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Instead of requiring users to guess the required space for partitions
populated with CopyFiles=, let's make an educated guess ourselves. We
can populate the filesystem once in a very large sparse file and see
how much data is actually used as a good indicator of the required size.
Instead of succeeding when either the firmware reports a TPM device
or we find a TPM device, let's check that the firmware reports a TPM
device and the TPM subsystem is enabled in the kernel.
To check whether the subsystem enabled, we check if the relevant
subdirectory in /sys exists at all.
To support predictable interface names in various embeeded systems
add support for an additional naming scheming using the USB host
interface. Several asics have usb controllers that are platform
devices and not children of a pci interface. These embedded systems
should be able to enumerate interfaces by udev path as well to support
configurations and policies.
Signed-off-by: Charles Hardin <charles.hardin@chargepoint.com>
Even if different preference is specified, the kernel merges multiple
routes with the same preference. This is problematic when a network has
multiple routers.
Fixes#25138.
Quoting Richard Fontana in [1]:
CC0 has been listed by Fedora as a 'good' license for code and content
(corresponding to allowed and allowed-content under the new system). We plan
to classify CC0 as allowed-content only, so that CC0 would no longer be
allowed for code.
Over a long period of time a consensus has been building in FOSS that
licenses that preclude any form of patent licensing or patent forbearance
cannot be considered FOSS. CC0 has a clause that says: "No trademark or
patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed
or otherwise affected by this document." (The trademark side of that clause
is nonproblematic from a FOSS licensing norms standpoint.) The regular
Creative Commons licenses have similar clauses.
For the case of our documentation snippets, patent issues do not matter much.
But it is always nicer to have a license that is considerred acceptable without
any further considerations. So let's change the license to the (now recommended
replacement) MIT-0.
[1] https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/devel@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NO7KGDNL5GX3KCB7T3XTGFA3QPSUJA6R/
Using 'git blame -b' and 'git log -p --follow', I identified the following
folks as having made non-trivial changes to those snippets:
Lennart Poettering
Tom Gundersen
Luca Bocassi
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Thomas Mühlbacher
Daan De Meyer
I'll ask for confirmation in the pull request.
Let's document that "." is a bad choice of character when naming
interfaces. Let's also document the hard restrictions we make when
naming interfaces.
Result of the mess that is #25052.
