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When wrong element types are used, directives are sometimes placed in the wrong
section. Also, strip part of text starting with "'", which is used in a few
places and which is displayed improperly in the index.
Discussed in #13743, the -.service semantic conflicts with the
existing root mount and slice names, making this feature not
uniformly extensible to all types. Change the name to be
<type>.d instead.
Updating to this format also extends the top-level dropin to
unit types.
When shooting down a service with SIGABRT the user might want to have a
much longer stop timeout than on regular stops/shutdowns. Especially in
the face of short stop timeouts the time might not be sufficient to
write huge core dumps before the service is killed.
This commit adds a dedicated (Default)TimeoutAbortSec= timer that is
used when stopping a service via SIGABRT. In all other cases the
existing TimeoutStopSec= is used. The timer value is unset by default
to skip the special handling and use TimeoutStopSec= for state
'stop-watchdog' to keep the old behaviour.
If the service is in state 'stop-watchdog' and the service should be
stopped explicitly we still go to 'stop-sigterm' and re-apply the usual
TimeoutStopSec= timeout.
The "include" files had type "book" for some raeason. I don't think this
is meaningful. Let's just use the same everywhere.
$ perl -i -0pe 's^..DOCTYPE (book|refentry) PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.[25]//EN"\s+"http^<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"\n "http^gms' man/*.xml
No need to waste space, and uniformity is good.
$ perl -i -0pe 's|\n+<!--\s*SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1..\s*-->|\n<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->|gms' man/*.xml
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
time-out
n 1: a brief suspension of play; "each team has two time-outs left"
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
timeout
A period of time after which an error condition is raised if
some event has not occured. A common example is sending a
message. If the receiver does not acknowledge the message
within some preset timeout period, a transmission error is
assumed to have occured.
The concept is redundant and predates the special chars that do the same
in ExecStar=. Let's settle on advertising just the latter, and hide
PermissionsStartOnly= from the docs (even if we continue supporting it).
In a way this is a follow-up for
a2d1fb882c, but adds a similar warning for
PIDFile=.
There's a much stronger case for doing this kind of notification in
tmpfiles.d (since it helps relating lines to each other for the purpose
of merging them). Doing this for PIDFile= is mostly about being
systematic and copying tmpfiles.d/ behaviour here.
While we are at it, let's also support relative filenames in PIDFile=
now, and prefix them with /run, to make them absolute.
Fixes: #10657
Allows configuring the watchdog signal (with a default of SIGABRT).
This allows an alternative to SIGABRT when coredumps are not desirable.
Appropriate references to SIGABRT or aborting were renamed to reflect
more liberal watchdog signals.
Closes#8658
And while we are at it, let's rearrange and extend the Type=
documentation a bit. Let's make it an itemized list, and let's add a
paragraph explaining which type best to use.
Docbook styles required those to be present, even though the templates that we
use did not show those names anywhere. But something changed semi-recently (I
would suspect docbook templates, but there was only a minor version bump in
recent years, and the changelog does not suggest anything related), and builds
now work without those entries. Let's drop this dead weight.
Tested with F26-F29, debian unstable.
$ perl -i -0pe 's/\s*<authorgroup>.*<.authorgroup>//gms' man/*xml
These lines are generally out-of-date, incomplete and unnecessary. With
SPDX and git repository much more accurate and fine grained information
about licensing and authorship is available, hence let's drop the
per-file copyright notice. Of course, removing copyright lines of others
is problematic, hence this commit only removes my own lines and leaves
all others untouched. It might be nicer if sooner or later those could
go away too, making git the only and accurate source of authorship
information.
This part of the copyright blurb stems from the GPL use recommendations:
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.en.html
The concept appears to originate in times where version control was per
file, instead of per tree, and was a way to glue the files together.
Ultimately, we nowadays don't live in that world anymore, and this
information is entirely useless anyway, as people are very welcome to
copy these files into any projects they like, and they shouldn't have to
change bits that are part of our copyright header for that.
hence, let's just get rid of this old cruft, and shorten our codebase a
bit.
Commenting out "WatchdogTimeout=3min" in systemd-logind.service causes
NotifyAccess to go from "main" to "none", breaking support for logind
restart. Let's fix that.
Absolute paths make everything simple and quick, but sometimes this requirement
can be annoying. A good example is calling 'test', which will be located in
/usr/bin/ or /bin depending on the distro. The need the provide the full path
makes it harder a portable unit file in such cases.
This patch uses a fixed search path (DEFAULT_PATH which was already used as the
default value of $PATH), and if a non-absolute file name is found, it is
immediately resolved to a full path using this search path when the unit is
loaded. After that, everything behaves as if an absolute path was specified. In
particular, the executable must exist when the unit is loaded.
Files which are installed as-is (any .service and other unit files, .conf
files, .policy files, etc), are left as is. My assumption is that SPDX
identifiers are not yet that well known, so it's better to retain the
extended header to avoid any doubt.
I also kept any copyright lines. We can probably remove them, but it'd nice to
obtain explicit acks from all involved authors before doing that.
Changed <filename>.service</filename> to <literal>.service</literal> to match style in other manual pages: man 5 systemd.socket, device, mount, automount, swap, target path, timer, slice and scope.
Let's be more restrictive when validating PID files and MAINPID=
messages: don't accept PIDs that make no sense, and if the configuration
source is not trusted, don't accept out-of-cgroup PIDs. A configuratin
source is considered trusted when the PID file is owned by root, or the
message was received from root.
This should lock things down a bit, in case service authors write out
PID files from unprivileged code or use NotifyAccess=all with
unprivileged code. Note that doing so was always problematic, just now
it's a bit less problematic.
When we open the PID file we'll now use the CHASE_SAFE chase_symlinks()
logic, to ensure that we won't follow an unpriviled-owned symlink to a
privileged-owned file thinking this was a valid privileged PID file,
even though it really isn't.
Fixes: #6632
Systemd services are permitted to be scripts, as well as binary
executables.
The same also applies to the underlying /sbin/mount and /sbin/swapon.
It is not necessary for the user to consider what type of program file
these are. Nor is it necessary with systemd-nspawn, to distinguish between
init as a "binary" v.s. a user-specified "program".
Also fix a couple of grammar nits in the modified sentences.
With Type=notify services, EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC= messages will delay any startup/
runtime/shutdown timeouts.
A service that hasn't timed out, i.e, start time < TimeStartSec,
runtime < RuntimeMaxSec and stop time < TimeoutStopSec, may by sending
EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=, allow the service to continue beyond the limit for
the execution phase (i.e TimeStartSec, RunTimeMaxSec and TimeoutStopSec).
EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC= must continue to be sent (in the same way as
WATCHDOG=1) within the time interval specified to continue to reprevent
the timeout from occuring.
Watchdog timeouts are also extended if a EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC is greater
than the remaining time on the watchdog counter.
Fixes#5868.
We settled on "filename" and "file system", so change a couple of places for
consistency. The exception is when there's an adjective before "file" that
binds more strongly then "name": "password file name", "output file name", etc.
Those cases are left intact.
That advice is generally apropriate for "user" programs, i.e. programs which
are run interactively and used pipelines and such. But it makes less sense for
daemons to propagate the exit signal. For example, if a process receives a SIGTERM,
it is apropriate for it to exit with 0 code. So let's just delete the whole
paragraph, since this page doesn't seem to be the right place for the longer
discussion which would be required to mention all the caveats and considerations.
Fixes#6415.
This patch adds two new special character prefixes to ExecStart= and
friends, in addition to the existing "-", "@" and "+":
"!" → much like "+", except with a much reduced effect as it only
disables the actual setresuid()/setresgid()/setgroups() calls, but
leaves all other security features on, including namespace
options. This is very useful in combination with
RuntimeDirectory= or DynamicUser= and similar option, as a user
is still allocated and used for the runtime directory, but the
actual UID/GID dropping is left to the daemon process itself.
This should make RuntimeDirectory= a lot more useful for daemons
which insist on doing their own privilege dropping.
"!!" → Similar to "!", but on systems supporting ambient caps this
becomes a NOP. This makes it relatively straightforward to write
unit files that make use of ambient capabilities to let systemd
drop all privs while retaining compatibility with systems that
lack ambient caps, where priv dropping is the left to the daemon
codes themselves.
This is an alternative approach to #6564 and related PRs.
This also alters the documentation to recommend memfds rather than /run
for serializing state across reboots. That's because /run doesn't
actually have the same lifecycle as the fd store, as it is cleared out
on restarts.
Fixes: #5606
Make sure to only apply the O_NONBLOCK flag to the fds passed via socket
activation.
Previously the flag was also applied to the fds which came from the fd store
but this was incorrect since services, after being restarted, expect that these
passed fds have their flags unchanged and can be reused as before.
The documentation was a bit unclear about this so clarify it.
The third paragraph of the Description already linked to
systemd.resource-control(5), but it was missing from the list of
additional options for the [Service] section.
The manpage claimed that ExecStop would be followed immediately by
SIGKILL, whereas the actual behavior is to go through KillMode= and
KillSignal= first.
Fixes#4490
As requested in
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/4864#pullrequestreview-12372557.
docbook will substitute triple dots for the ellipsis in man output, so this has
no effect on the troff output, only on HTML, making it infinitesimally nicer.
In some places we show output from programs, which use dots, and those places
should not be changed. In some tables, the alignment would change if dots were
changed to the ellipsis which is only one character. Since docbook replaces the
ellipsis automatically, we should leave those be. This patch changes all other
places.
Our warning message was misleading, because we wouldn't "correct" anything,
we'd just ignore unkown escapes. Update the message.
Also, print just the extracted word (which contains the offending sequences) in
the message, instead of the whole line.
Fixes#4697.
This should simplify monitoring tools for services, by passing the most basic
information about service result/exit information via environment variables,
thus making it unnecessary to retrieve them explicitly via the bus.
As suggested by @mbiebl we already use the "!" special char in unit file
assignments for negation, hence we should not use it in a different context for
privileged execution. Let's use "+" instead.
Type=notify has a magic overriding case where a NotifyAccess=none
is turned into a NotifyAccess=main for sanity purposes.
This makes docs more clear about such behavior:
2787d83c28/src/core/service.c (L650):L651
This patch implements the new magic character '!'. By putting '!' in front
of a command, systemd executes it with full privileges ignoring paramters
such as User, Group, SupplementaryGroups, CapabilityBoundingSet,
AmbientCapabilities, SecureBits, SystemCallFilter, SELinuxContext,
AppArmorProfile, SmackProcessLabel, and RestrictAddressFamilies.
Fixes partially https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3414
Related to https://github.com/coreos/rkt/issues/2482
Testing:
1. Create a user 'bob'
2. Create the unit file /etc/systemd/system/exec-perm.service
(You can use the example below)
3. sudo systemctl start ext-perm.service
4. Verify that the commands starting with '!' were not executed as bob,
4.1 Looking to the output of ls -l /tmp/exec-perm
4.2 Each file contains the result of the id command.
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
[Unit]
Description=ext-perm
[Service]
Type=oneshot
TimeoutStartSec=0
User=bob
ExecStartPre=!/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/rm /tmp/exec-perm*" ;
/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-start-pre"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-start" ;
!/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-star-2"
ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-start-post"
ExecReload=/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-reload"
ExecStop=!/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-stop"
ExecStopPost=/usr/bin/sh -c "/usr/bin/id > /tmp/exec-perm-stop-post"
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target]
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
This moves the StartLimitBurst=, StartLimitInterval=, StartLimitAction=, RebootArgument= from the [Service] section
into the [Unit] section of unit files, and thus support it in all unit types, not just in services.
This way we can enforce the start limit much earlier, in particular before testing the unit conditions, so that
repeated start-up failure due to failed conditions is also considered for the start limit logic.
For compatibility the four options may also be configured in the [Service] section still, but we only document them in
their new section [Unit].
This also renamed the socket unit failure code "service-failed-permanent" into "service-start-limit-hit" to express
more clearly what it is about, after all it's only triggered through the start limit being hit.
Finally, the code in busname_trigger_notify() and socket_trigger_notify() is altered to become more alike.
Fixes: #2467
This makes sure we never run two control processes at the same time, we cannot keep track off.
This introduces a slight change of behaviour but cleans up the definition of ExecStop= and ExecStopPost=. The former is
now invoked only if the service managed to start-up correctly. The latter is called even if start-up failed half-way.
Thus, ExecStopPost= may be used as clean-up step for both successful and failed start-up attempts, but ExecStop='s
purpose is clearly defined as being responsible for shutting down the service and nothing else.
The precise behaviour of this was not documented yet. This commit adds the necessary docs.
Fixes: #1254
This completes the set of man pages for sd-event and contains some minor
other fixes for other man pages too.
The sd_event_set_name(3) man page is renamed to
sd_event_source_set_description(3), which is the correct name of the
concept today.
For all units ensure there's an "Automatic Dependencies" section in the
man page, and explain which dependencies are automatically added in all
cases, and which ones are added on top if DefaultDependencies=yes is
set.
This is also done for systemd.exec(5), systemd.resource-control(5) and
systemd.unit(5) as these pages describe common behaviour of various unit
types.
