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traefik/docs/user-guide/examples.md
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Examples

You will find here some configuration examples of Træfik.

HTTP only

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"

HTTP + HTTPS (with SNI)

defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]
      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
      certFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
      keyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
      certFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
      keyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"

Note that we can either give path to certificate file or directly the file content itself (like in this TOML example).

HTTP redirect on HTTPS

defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
    [entryPoints.http.redirect]
    entryPoint = "https"
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]
      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
      certFile = "examples/traefik.crt"
      keyFile = "examples/traefik.key"

Let's Encrypt support

Basic example

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "acme.json"
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local1.com"
  sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local2.com"
  sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local3.com"
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local4.com"

This configuration allows generating Let's Encrypt certificates for the four domains local[1-4].com with described SANs.

Traefik generates these certificates when it starts and it needs to be restart if new domains are added.

OnHostRule option

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "acme.json"
onHostRule = true
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local1.com"
  sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local2.com"
  sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local3.com"
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local4.com"

This configuration allows generating Let's Encrypt certificates for the four domains local[1-4].com.

Traefik generates these certificates when it starts.

If a backend is added with a onHost rule, Traefik will automatically generate the Let's Encrypt certificate for the new domain.

OnDemand option

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "acme.json"
onDemand = true
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

This configuration allows generating a Let's Encrypt certificate during the first HTTPS request on a new domain.

!!! note This option simplifies the configuration but :

* TLS handshakes will be slow when requesting a hostname certificate for the first time, this can leads to DDoS attacks.
* Let's Encrypt have rate limiting: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/rate-limits

That's why, it's better to use the `onHostRule` optin if possible.

DNS challenge

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "acme.json"
dnsProvider = "digitalocean" # DNS Provider name (cloudflare, OVH, gandi...)
delayDontCheckDNS = 0
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local1.com"
  sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local2.com"
  sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local3.com"
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local4.com"

DNS challenge needs environment variables to be executed. This variables have to be set on the machine/container which host Traefik.

These variables has described in this section.

OnHostRule option and provided certificates

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]
      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
      certFile = "examples/traefik.crt"
      keyFile = "examples/traefik.key"

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "acme.json"
onHostRule = true
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

Traefik will only try to generate a Let's encrypt certificate if the domain cannot be checked by the provided certificates.

Cluster mode

Prerequisites

Before to use Let's Encrypt in a Traefik cluster, take a look to the key-value store explanations and more precisely to this section in the way to know how to migrate from a acme local storage (acme.json file) to a key-value store configuration.

Configuration

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
    [entryPoints.https.tls]

[acme]
email = "test@traefik.io"
storage = "traefik/acme/account"
caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
entryPoint = "https"

[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local1.com"
  sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local2.com"
  sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local3.com"
[[acme.domains]]
  main = "local4.com"

[consul]
  endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  watch = true
  prefix = "traefik"

This configuration allows to use the key traefik/acme/account to get/set Let's Encrypt certificates content. The consul provider contains the configuration.

!!! note It's possible to use others key-value store providers as described here.

Override entrypoints in frontends

[frontends]
  [frontends.frontend1]
  backend = "backend2"
    [frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
    rule = "Host:test.localhost"
  [frontends.frontend2]
  backend = "backend1"
  passHostHeader = true
  passTLSCert = true
  entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
    [frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
    rule = "Host:{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
  [frontends.frontend3]
  entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
  backend = "backend2"
    rule = "Path:/test"

Enable Basic authentication in an entrypoint

With two user/pass:

  • test:test
  • test2:test2

Passwords are encoded in MD5: you can use htpasswd to generate those ones.

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
  [entryPoints.http.auth.basic]
  users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/", "test2:$apr1$d9hr9HBB$4HxwgUir3HP4EsggP/QNo0"]

Pass Authenticated user to application via headers

Providing an authentication method as described above, it is possible to pass the user to the application via a configurable header value.

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
  [entryPoints.http.auth]
    headerField = "X-WebAuth-User"
    [entryPoints.http.auth.basic]
    users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/", "test2:$apr1$d9hr9HBB$4HxwgUir3HP4EsggP/QNo0"]

Override the Traefik HTTP server IdleTimeout and/or throttle configurations from re-loading too quickly

providersThrottleDuration = "5s"

[respondingTimeouts]
idleTimeout = "360s"

Securing Ping Health Check

The /ping health-check URL is enabled together with the web admin panel, enabled with the command-line --web or config file option [web]. Thus, if you have a regular path for /foo and an entrypoint on :80, you would access them as follows:

  • Regular path: http://hostname:80/foo
  • Admin panel: http://hostname:8080/
  • Ping URL: http://hostname:8080/ping

However, for security reasons, you may want to be able to expose the /ping health-check URL to outside health-checkers, e.g. an Internet service or cloud load-balancer, without exposing your admin panel's port. In many environments, the security staff may not allow you to expose it.

You have two options:

  • Enable /ping on a regular entrypoint
  • Enable /ping on a dedicated port

Enable ping health check on a regular entrypoint

To proxy /ping from a regular entrypoint to the admin one without exposing the panel, do the following:

[backends]
  [backends.traefik]
    [backends.traefik.servers.server1]
    url = "http://localhost:8080"
    weight = 10

[frontends]
  [frontends.traefikadmin]
  backend = "traefik"
    [frontends.traefikadmin.routes.ping]
    rule = "Path:/ping"

The above creates a new backend called traefik, listening on http://localhost:8080, i.e. the local admin port. We only expose the admin panel via the frontend named traefikadmin, and only expose the /ping Path. Be careful with the traefikadmin frontend. If you do not specify a Path: rule, you would expose the entire dashboard.

Enable ping health check on dedicated port

If you do not want to or cannot expose the health-check on a regular entrypoint - e.g. your security rules do not allow it, or you have a conflicting path - then you can enable health-check on its own entrypoint. Use the following config:

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]

[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
  [entryPoints.ping]
  address = ":8082"

[backends]
  [backends.traefik]
    [backends.traefik.servers.server1]
    url = "http://localhost:8080"
    weight = 10

[frontends]
  [frontends.traefikadmin]
  backend = "traefik"
  entrypoints = ["ping"]
    [frontends.traefikadmin.routes.ping]
    rule = "Path:/ping"

The above is similar to the previous example, but instead of enabling /ping on the default entrypoint, we enable it on a dedicated entrypoint.

In the above example, you would access a regular path, admin panel and health-check as follows:

  • Regular path: http://hostname:80/foo
  • Admin panel: http://hostname:8080/
  • Ping URL: http://hostname:8082/ping

Note the dedicated port :8082 for /ping.

In the above example, it is very important to create a named dedicated entrypoint, and do not include it in defaultEntryPoints. Otherwise, you are likely to expose all services via that entrypoint.

In the above example, we have two entrypoints, http and ping, but we only included http in defaultEntryPoints, while explicitly tying frontend.traefikadmin to the ping entrypoint. This ensures that all the "normal" frontends will be exposed via entrypoint http and not via entrypoint ping.