samba-mirror/docs/howto/upgrading-to-3.0.xml

<chapter id="upgrading-to-3.0">
<chapterinfo>
	&author.jelmer;
	&author.jht;
	&author.jerry;
	<pubdate>June 30, 2003</pubdate>
</chapterinfo>

<title>Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.0</title>

<para>
This chapter deals exclusively with the differences between Samba-3.0.0 and Samba-2.2.8a.
It points out where configuration parameters have changed, and provides a simple guide for 
the move from 2.2.x to 3.0.0.
</para>

<sect1>
<title>Quick Migration Guide</title>

<para>
Samba-3.0.0 default behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x.
The default behavior when the new parameter <smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name></smbconfoption>
is not defined in the &smb.conf; file provides the same default behavior as Samba-2.2.x
with <smbconfoption><name>encrypt passwords</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption>, and
will use the <filename>smbpasswd</filename> database.
</para>

<para>
So why say that <emphasis>behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x?</emphasis> Because
Samba-3.0.0 can negotiate new protocols, such as support for native Unicode, that may result in
differing protocol code paths being taken. The new behavior under such circumstances is not
exactly the same as the old one. The good news is that the domain and machine SIDs will be
preserved across the upgrade.
</para>

<para>
If the Samba-2.2.x system was using an LDAP backend, and there is no time to update the LDAP
database, then make sure that <smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name><value>ldapsam_compat</value></smbconfoption>
is specified in the &smb.conf; file. For the rest, behavior should remain more or less the same.
At a later date, when there is time to implement a new Samba-3 compatible LDAP backend, it is possible
to migrate the old LDAP database to the new one through use of the <command>pdbedit</command>.
See <link linkend="pdbeditthing">The <emphasis>pdbedit</emphasis> Command</link>.
</para>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>New Features in Samba-3</title>

<para>
The major new features are:
</para>

<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
	<listitem><para>
	Active Directory support. This release is able to join an ADS realm
	as a member server and authenticate users using LDAP/Kerberos.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Unicode support. Samba will now negotiate Unicode on the wire and
	internally there is a much better infrastructure for multi-byte
	and Unicode character sets.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	New authentication system. The internal authentication system has
	been almost completely rewritten. Most of the changes are internal,
	but the new authoring system is also very configurable.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	New filename mangling system. The filename mangling system has been
	completely rewritten. An internal database now stores mangling maps
	persistently.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	New <quote>net</quote> command. A new <quote>net</quote> command has been added. It is
	somewhat similar to the <quote>net</quote> command in Windows. Eventually, we
	plan to replace a bunch of other utilities (such as smbpasswd)
	with subcommands in <quote>net</quote>.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Samba now negotiates NT-style status32 codes on the wire. This
	considerably improves error handling.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Better Windows 200x/XP printing support including publishing
	printer attributes in Active Directory.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	New loadable RPC modules for passdb backends and character sets.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	New default dual-daemon winbindd support for better performance.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Support for migrating from a Windows NT 4.0 domain to a Samba
	domain and maintaining user, group and domain SIDs.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Support for establishing trust relationships with Windows NT 4.0
	Domain Controllers.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Initial support for a distributed Winbind architecture using
	an LDAP directory for storing SID to UID/GID mappings.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Major updates to the Samba documentation tree.
	</para></listitem>

	<listitem><para>
	Full support for client and server SMB signing to ensure
	compatibility with default Windows 2003 security settings.
	</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>

<para>
Plus lots of other improvements!
</para>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>Configuration Parameter Changes</title>

<para>
This section contains a brief listing of changes to &smb.conf; options
in the 3.0.0 release. Please refer to the smb.conf(5) man page for
complete descriptions of new or modified parameters.
</para>

<sect2>
<title>Removed Parameters</title>

<para>(Ordered Alphabetically):</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>admin log </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>alternate permissions </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>character set </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>client codepage </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>code page directory </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>coding system </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>domain admin group </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>domain guest group </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>force unknown acl user </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>nt smb support </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>post script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>printer driver </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>printer driver file </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>printer driver location </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>status </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>strip dot </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>total print jobs </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>use rhosts </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>valid chars </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>vfs options </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>New Parameters</title>

<para>(New parameters have been grouped by function):</para>

<para>Remote Management</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>abort shutdown script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>shutdown script </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>User and Group Account Management:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>add group script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>add machine script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>add user to group script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>algorithmic rid base </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>delete group script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>delete user from group script </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>passdb backend </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>set primary group script </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>Authentication:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>auth methods </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>realm </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>Protocol Options:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>client lanman auth </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>client NTLMv2 auth </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>client schannel </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>client signing </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>client use spnego </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>disable netbios </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ntlm auth </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>paranoid server security </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>server schannel </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>server signing </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>smb ports </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>use spnego </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>File Service:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>get quota command </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>hide special files </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>hide unwriteable files </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>hostname lookups </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>kernel change notify </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>mangle prefix </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>map acl inherit </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>msdfs proxy </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>set quota command </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>use sendfile </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>vfs objects </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>Printing:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>max reported print jobs </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist> 


<para>Unicode and Character Sets:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>display charset </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>dos charset </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>unicode </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>UNIX charset </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>SID to UID/GID Mappings:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>idmap backend </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>idmap gid </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>idmap uid </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>winbind enable local accounts </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>winbind trusted domains only </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>template primary group </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>enable rid algorithm </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>LDAP:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>ldap delete dn </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ldap group suffix </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ldap idmap suffix </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ldap machine suffix </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ldap passwd sync </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>ldap user suffix </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>General Configuration:</para>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>preload modules </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>privatedir </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Modified Parameters (Changes in Behavior):</title>

<itemizedlist>
	<listitem><para>encrypt passwords (enabled by default) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>mangling method (set to hash2 by default) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>passwd chat </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>passwd program </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>password server </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>restrict anonymous (integer value) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>security (new ads value) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>strict locking (enabled by default) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>winbind cache time (increased to 5 minutes) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>winbind uid (deprecated in favor of idmap uid) </para></listitem>
	<listitem><para>winbind gid (deprecated in favor of idmap gid) </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

</sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<title>New Functionality</title>

	<sect2>
	<title>Databases</title>

	<para>
	This section contains brief descriptions of any new databases
	introduced in Samba-3. Please remember to backup your existing
	${lock directory}/*tdb before upgrading to Samba-3. Samba will
	upgrade databases as they are opened (if necessary), but downgrading
	from 3.0 to 2.2 is an unsupported path.
	</para>

	<para>
	The new tdb files are described in <link linkend="tdbfiledesc">the next table</link>.
	</para>


        <table frame='all' id="tdbfiledesc"><title>TDB File Descriptions</title>
        <tgroup cols='3'>
			<colspec align="left"/>
			<colspec align="justify" width="1*"/>
			<colspec align="left"/>
                <thead>
                <row>
                        <entry align="left">Name</entry>
                        <entry align="justify">Description</entry>
                        <entry align="center">Backup?</entry>
                </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                <row>
                        <entry>account_policy</entry>
			<entry>User policy settings</entry>
			<entry>yes</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>gencache</entry>
			<entry>Generic caching db</entry>
			<entry>no</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>group_mapping</entry>
			<entry><para>Mapping table from Windows groups/SID to UNIX groups</para></entry>
			<entry>yes</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>idmap</entry>
			<entry><para>new ID map table from SIDS to UNIX UIDs/GIDs</para></entry>
			<entry>yes</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>namecache</entry>
			<entry>Name resolution cache entries</entry>
			<entry>no</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>netlogon_unigrp</entry>
			<entry><para>Cache of universal group membership obtained when operating
				as a member of a Windows domain</para></entry>
			<entry>no</entry>
		</row>
		<row>
			<entry>printing/*.tdb</entry>
			<entry><para>Cached output from `lpq command' created on a per print 
				service basis</para></entry>
			<entry>no</entry>
		</row>
		<row>

			<entry>registry</entry>
			<entry><para>Read-only Samba registry skeleton that provides support for
				exporting various db tables via the winreg RPCs</para></entry>
			<entry>no</entry>
		</row>
		</tbody>
	</tgroup>
	</table>

	</sect2>

	<sect2>
	<title>Changes in Behavior</title>

	<para>
	The following issues are known changes in behavior between Samba-2.2 and
	Samba-3 that may affect certain installations of Samba.
	</para>

	<orderedlist>
		<listitem><para>
		When operating as a member of a Windows domain, Samba-2.2 would
		map any users authenticated by the remote DC to the <quote>guest account</quote>
		if a uid could not be obtained via the getpwnam() call. Samba-3
		rejects the connection as <?latex \linebreak ?>NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE. There is no
		current work around to re-establish the Samba-2.2 behavior.
		</para></listitem>

		<listitem><para>
		When adding machines to a Samba-2.2 controlled domain, the
		<quote>add user script</quote> was used to create the UNIX identity of the
		Machine Trust Account. Samba-3 introduces a new <quote>add machine
		script</quote> that must be specified for this purpose. Samba-3 will
		not fall back to using the <quote>add user script</quote> in the absence of
		an <quote>add machine script</quote>.
		</para></listitem>
	</orderedlist>

	</sect2>

	<sect2>
	<title>Passdb Backends and Authentication</title>

	<para>
	There have been a few new changes that Samba administrators should be
	aware of when moving to Samba-3.
	</para>

	<orderedlist>
		<listitem><para>
		Encrypted passwords have been enabled by default in order to
		interoperate better with out-of-the-box Windows client
		installations. This does mean that either (a) a Samba account
		must be created for each user, or (b) <quote>encrypt passwords = no</quote>
		must be explicitly defined in &smb.conf;.
		</para></listitem>

		<listitem><para>
		Inclusion of new <smbconfoption><name>security</name><value>ads</value></smbconfoption> option for integration
		with an Active Directory domain using the native Windows Kerberos 5 and LDAP protocols.
		</para></listitem>
	</orderedlist>

	<para>
	Samba-3 also includes the possibility of setting up chains
	of authentication methods 
	(<smbconfoption><name>auth methods</name></smbconfoption>) and account
	storage backends 
	(<smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name></smbconfoption>). 
	Please refer to the &smb.conf;
	man page and <link linkend="passdb">Account Information Databases</link>, for details. While both parameters assume sane default
	values, it is likely that you will need to understand what the
	values actually mean in order to ensure Samba operates correctly.
	</para>

	<para>
<indexterm><primary>pdbedit</primary></indexterm>
	Certain functions of the <command>smbpasswd</command> tool have been split between the
	new <command>smbpasswd</command> utility, the <command>net</command> tool and the new <command>pdbedit</command>
	utility. See the respective man pages for details.
	</para>

	</sect2>

	<sect2>
	<title>LDAP</title>

	<para>
	This section outlines the new features effecting Samba/LDAP integration.
	</para>

		<sect3>
		<title>New Schema</title>

		<para>
		A new object class (sambaSamAccount) has been introduced to replace
		the old sambaAccount. This change aids us in the renaming of attributes
		to prevent clashes with attributes from other vendors. There is a
		conversion script (examples/LDAP/convertSambaAccount) to modify an LDIF
		file to the new schema.
		</para>

		<para>
		Example:
		</para>
		<para><screen>
		&prompt;ldapsearch .... -LLL -b "ou=people,dc=..." &gt; old.ldif
		&prompt;convertSambaAccount --sid &lt;DOM SID&gt; --input old.ldif --output new.ldif
		</screen></para>

		<para>
		The &lt;DOM SID&gt; can be obtained by running 
<screen>
&prompt;<userinput>net getlocalsid &lt;DOMAINNAME&gt;</userinput>
</screen>
		on the Samba PDC as root.
		</para>

		<para>
		The old sambaAccount schema may still be used by specifying the
		<parameter>ldapsam_compat</parameter> passdb backend. However, the sambaAccount and
		associated attributes have been moved to the historical section of
		the schema file and must be uncommented before use if needed.
		The Samba-2.2 object class declaration for a sambaAccount has not changed
		in the Samba-3 samba.schema file.
		</para>

		<para>
		Other new object classes and their uses include:
		</para>

		<itemizedlist>
			<listitem><para>
			sambaDomain &smbmdash; domain information used to allocate RIDs
			for users and groups as necessary. The attributes are added
			in <quote>ldap suffix</quote> directory entry automatically if
			an idmap UID/GID range has been set and the <quote>ldapsam</quote>
			passdb backend has been selected.
			</para></listitem>

			<listitem><para>
			sambaGroupMapping &smbmdash; an object representing the
			relationship between a posixGroup and a Windows
			group/SID. These entries are stored in the <quote>ldap
			group suffix</quote> and managed by the <quote>net groupmap</quote> command.
			</para></listitem>

			<listitem><para>
			sambaUNIXIdPool &smbmdash; created in the <quote>ldap idmap suffix</quote> entry
			automatically and contains the next available <quote>idmap UID</quote> and
			<quote>idmap GID</quote>.
			</para></listitem>

			<listitem><para>
			sambaIdmapEntry &smbmdash; object storing a mapping between a
			SID and a UNIX UID/GID. These objects are created by the
			idmap_ldap module as needed.
			</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>

		</sect3>

		<sect3>
		<title>New Suffix for Searching</title>

		<para>
		The following new smb.conf parameters have been added to aid in directing
		certain LDAP queries when <parameter>passdb backend = ldapsam://...</parameter> has been
		specified.
		</para>

		<itemizedlist>
			<listitem><para>ldap suffix         &smbmdash; used to search for user and computer accounts.</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>ldap user suffix    &smbmdash; used to store user accounts.</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>ldap machine suffix &smbmdash; used to store Machine Trust Accounts.</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>ldap group suffix   &smbmdash; location of posixGroup/sambaGroupMapping entries.</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>ldap idmap suffix   &smbmdash; location of sambaIdmapEntry objects.</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>

		<para>
		If an <parameter>ldap suffix</parameter> is defined, it will be appended to all of the
		remaining sub-suffix parameters. In this case, the order of the suffix
		listings in smb.conf is important. Always place the <parameter>ldap suffix</parameter> first
		in the list.
		</para>

		<para>
		Due to a limitation in Samba's &smb.conf; parsing, you should not surround
		the DNs with quotation marks.
		</para>

		</sect3>

		<sect3>
		<title>IdMap LDAP Support</title>

		<para>
		Samba-3 supports an ldap backend for the idmap subsystem. The
		following options inform Samba that the idmap table should be
		stored on the directory server onterose in the "ou=idmap,dc=quenya,dc=org" partition.
		</para>

		<smbconfblock>
		<smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection>
		<member>...</member>
		<smbconfoption><name>idmap backend</name><value>ldap:ldap://onterose/</value></smbconfoption>
		<smbconfoption><name>ldap idmap suffix</name><value>ou=idmap,dc=quenya,dc=org</value></smbconfoption>
		<smbconfoption><name>idmap uid</name><value>40000-50000</value></smbconfoption>
		<smbconfoption><name>idmap gid</name><value>40000-50000</value></smbconfoption>
		</smbconfblock>

		<para>
		This configuration allows Winbind installations on multiple servers to
		share a UID/GID number space, thus avoiding the interoperability problems
		with NFS that were present in Samba-2.2.
		</para>

		</sect3>

	</sect2>

</sect1>

</chapter>