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Adds the resumeflags= kernel command line option to allow setting a
custom device timeout for the resume device (defaults to the same as the
root device).
The synopsis section would describe config file paths, but not their
syntax. Let's add a short table that so that it's possible to quickly
remind oneself what the different letter mean.
It was impossible to view systemd.nspawn(5), because systemd-nspawn(1) was matched
also, and happened to be earlier in the list. The solution in this patch is pretty
crude, but is should be enough for our purposes, since we don't have any regexp
special characters in man page names except for the dot.
This makes the handling of this option match what we do in unit files. I think
consistency is important here. (As it happens, it is the only option in
system.conf that is "non-atomic", i.e. where there's a list of things which can
be split over multiple assignments. All other options are single-valued, so
there's no issue of how to handle multiple assignments.)
We now don't have the support to delete netdevs and dependent
upon iproute to delete. With this we can delete via networkctl
and use in our test cases too.
Note that it supports deleting multiple links at once.
```
sudo ./networkctl delete test1 test2 test3 test4
```
This text was written a long time ago, when we mostly talked about "service
files". Strictly speaking, we don't need a "file", because the service might
be just an instance of a template, or an alias to another service. So let's use
the more modern parlance of "service units".
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1623781#c21
To access a shell on a disk image, the man page on Fedora-29 says to
run: `systemd-nspawn -M Fedora-Cloud-Base-28-1.1.x86_64.raw`. Let's
try.
List existing images:
$> machinectl list-images | awk '{print $1,$2}';
NAME TYPE
Fedora-Cloud-Base-30… raw
1 images
Now invoke `systemd-nspawn` as noted in the man page:
$> systemd-nspawn -M Fedora-Cloud-Base-30-1.2.x86_64.raw
No image for machine 'Fedora-Cloud-Base-30-1.2.x86_64.raw'.
Removing the ".raw" extension launches the image and gives a shell.
Update the man page to reflect that.
Frantisek Sumsal on #systemd (Freenode) noted the reason: "In older
versions systemd -M accepted both image-name.raw and image-name as a
valid image names, however, on Fedora 29 (systemd-239) with all the
BTRFS stuff around it accepts only -M image-name (without the
extension)"
- - -
While at it, update the fedora_{latest_version, cloud_release}
variables.
Signed-off-by: Kashyap Chamarthy <kchamart@redhat.com>
We had 'calendar' and 'timespan', but the third one was missing.
Also consistently order the verbs as calendar/timestamp/timespan in help.
The output from 'timespan' is highlighted more.
Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1711065.
This patch adds netdev ipvtap that is based on the
IP-VLAN network interface, called ipvtap. An ipvtap device can be created
in the same way as an ipvlan device, using 'kind ipvtap', and then accessed
using the tap user space interface.
The comment in udev-builtin-net_id.c (removed in grandparent commit) showed the
property without the prefix. I assume that was always the intent, because it
doesn't make much sense to concatenate anything to an arbitrary user-specified
field.
I decided to make this a separate man page because it is freakin' long.
This content could equally well go in systemd-udevd.service(8), systemd.link(5),
or a new man page for the net_id builtin.
v2:
- rename to systemd.net-naming-scheme
- add udevadm test-builtin net_id example
Man page generation is generally very slow. I prefer to use -Dman=false when
developing systemd, and only build specific pages when introducing changes.
Those two little helper tools make it easy:
$ build/man/man systemd.link
$ build/man/html systemd.link
will show systemd.link.8 and systemd.link.html from the build directory build/.
Allow users to set the IPv4 DF bit in outgoing packets, or to inherit its
value from the IPv4 inner header. If the encapsulated protocol is IPv6 and
DF is configured to be inherited, always set it.
When VXLAN destination port is unset and GPE is set
then assign 4790 to destination port. Kernel does the same as
well as iproute.
IANA VXLAN-GPE port is 4790
It makes more sense to call VXLAN ID as
1. the VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) (or VXLAN Segment ID)
2. test-network: rename VXLAN Id to VNI
3. fuzzer: Add VXLAN VNI directive to fuzzer
When systemd is started, it detects initrd by checking for that file
The usage of that file is not documented anywhere, so mention it early
in the most relevant man-page I could find.
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/7153#issuecomment-485252308
Apparently this is still confusing for people.
Longer-term, I think we should just make BindMount= automatically "upgrade"
(or "downgrade", depending on how you look at this), any InaccessiblePath=
mountpoints to "tmpfs". I don't see much point in forcing users to remember
this interaction. But let's at least document the status quo, we can always
update the docs if the code changes.
A service might be able to detect errors by itself that may require the
system to take the same action as if the service locked up. Add a
WATCHDOG=trigger state change notification to sd_notify() to let the
service manager know about the self-detected misery and instantly
trigger the configured watchdog behaviour.
The interface provided by those two functions is huge, so this text could
probably be made two or three times as long if all details were described.
But I think it's a good start.
This wraps the call to org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect.
Using "busctl call" directly is inconvenient because busctl escapes the
string before printing.
Example:
$ busctl introspect --xml org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 | pygmentize -lxml | less -RF
When shooting down a service with SIGABRT the user might want to have a
much longer stop timeout than on regular stops/shutdowns. Especially in
the face of short stop timeouts the time might not be sufficient to
write huge core dumps before the service is killed.
This commit adds a dedicated (Default)TimeoutAbortSec= timer that is
used when stopping a service via SIGABRT. In all other cases the
existing TimeoutStopSec= is used. The timer value is unset by default
to skip the special handling and use TimeoutStopSec= for state
'stop-watchdog' to keep the old behaviour.
If the service is in state 'stop-watchdog' and the service should be
stopped explicitly we still go to 'stop-sigterm' and re-apply the usual
TimeoutStopSec= timeout.
In cgroup v2 we have protection tunables -- currently MemoryLow and
MemoryMin (there will be more in future for other resources, too). The
design of these protection tunables requires not only intermediate
cgroups to propagate protections, but also the units at the leaf of that
resource's operation to accept it (by setting MemoryLow or MemoryMin).
This makes sense from an low-level API design perspective, but it's a
good idea to also have a higher-level abstraction that can, by default,
propagate these resources to children recursively. In this patch, this
happens by having descendants set memory.low to N if their ancestor has
DefaultMemoryLow=N -- assuming they don't set a separate MemoryLow
value.
Any affected unit can opt out of this propagation by manually setting
`MemoryLow` to some value in its unit configuration. A unit can also
stop further propagation by setting `DefaultMemoryLow=` with no
argument. This removes further propagation in the subtree, but has no
effect on the unit itself (for that, use `MemoryLow=0`).
Our use case in production is simplifying the configuration of machines
which heavily rely on memory protection tunables, but currently require
tweaking a huge number of unit files to make that a reality. This
directive makes that significantly less fragile, and decreases the risk
of misconfiguration.
After this patch is merged, I will implement DefaultMemoryMin= using the
same principles.
We had all kinds of indentation: 2 sp, 3 sp, 4 sp, 8 sp, and mixed.
4 sp was the most common, in particular the majority of scripts under test/
used that. Let's standarize on 4 sp, because many commandlines are long and
there's a lot of nesting, and with 8sp indentation less stuff fits. 4 sp
also seems to be the default indentation, so this will make it less likely
that people will mess up if they don't load the editor config. (I think people
often use vi, and vi has no support to load project-wide configuration
automatically. We distribute a .vimrc file, but it is not loaded by default,
and even the instructions in it seem to discourage its use for security
reasons.)
Also remove the few vim config lines that were left. We should either have them
on all files, or none.
Also remove some strange stuff like '#!/bin/env bash', yikes.
Media Access Control Security (MACsec) is an 802.1AE IEEE
industry-standard security technology that provides secure
communication for all traffic on Ethernet links.
MACsec provides point-to-point security on Ethernet links between
directly connected nodes and is capable of identifying and preventing
most security threats, including denial of service, intrusion,
man-in-the-middle, masquerading, passive wiretapping, and playback attacks.
Closes#5754
* Use more secure https://www.uefi.orghttp://www.uefi.org directs to https://uefi.org/, so this saves one
redirect.
$ curl -I http://www.uefi.org
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2019 14:54:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Connection: keep-alive
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Location: https://uefi.org/
Cache-Control: max-age=1209600
Expires: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 14:54:46 GMT
Run the command below to update all occurrences.
git grep -l http://www.uefi.org | xargs sed -i 's,http://www.uefi.org,https://www.uefi.org,'
* Use https://uefi.org to save redirect
Save one redirect by using the target location.
$ curl -I https://www.uefi.org
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2019 14:55:42 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Connection: keep-alive
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Location: https://uefi.org/
Cache-Control: max-age=1209600
Expires: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 14:55:42 GMT
Run the command below to update all occurrences.
git grep -l https://www.uefi.org | xargs sed -i 's,https://www.uefi.org,https://uefi.org,'
The description of NamePolicy= implied this, but didn't spell it out. It's a
very common use case, so let's add a bit of explanation and ehance the example
a bit.
Inspired by https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1695894.
time-sync.target is supposed to indicate system clock is synchronized
with a remote clock, but as used through 241 it only provided a system
clock that was updated based on a locally-maintained timestamp. Systems
that are powered off for extended periods would not come up with
accurate time.
Retain the existing behavior using a new time-set.target leaving
time-sync.target for cases where accuracy is required.
Closes#8861
According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, "The /usr/local hierarchy is for use by the system administrator when installing software locally. It needs to be safe from being overwritten when the system software is updated". So it should not be used by installed packages.
Let's be safe, rather than sorry. This way DynamicUser=yes services can
neither take benefit of, nor create SUID/SGID binaries.
Given that DynamicUser= is a recent addition only we should be able to
get away with turning this on, even though this is strictly speaking a
binary compatibility breakage.
Let's avoid confusion whether the root is at the top or of the bottom of
the directory tree. Moreover we use "innermost" further down for the
same concept, so let's stick to the same terminology here.
Logically, this is better, because we're describing a subset of possible
return values. Visually this also looks quite good because groff renders
refsect2 much less prominently.
Also rewrap things, add <constant> in various places, fix some typos.
No other changes, just some reshuffling and adding of section headers
(well, admittedly, I changed some "see above" and "see below" in the
text to match the new order.)
The number of verbs supported by systemd-analyze has grown quite a bit, and the
man page has become an unreadable wall of text. Let's put each verb in a
separate subsection, grouping similar verbs together, and add a lot of examples
to guide the user.
The "include" files had type "book" for some raeason. I don't think this
is meaningful. Let's just use the same everywhere.
$ perl -i -0pe 's^..DOCTYPE (book|refentry) PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.[25]//EN"\s+"http^<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"\n "http^gms' man/*.xml
No need to waste space, and uniformity is good.
$ perl -i -0pe 's|\n+<!--\s*SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1..\s*-->|\n<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->|gms' man/*.xml
This makes L2TP.Local= support an empty string, 'auto', 'static', and
'dynamic'. When one of the values are specified, a local address is
automatically picked from the local interface of the tunnel.
Previously, 'degraded' state is ambiguous for bonding or bridge master:
1. one or more slave interfaces does not have carrier,
2. no link local address is assigned to the master,
3. combination of the above two.
This makes the above case 1 and 3 are in the new 'degraded-carrier'
state, and makes 'degraded' state as all slaves are active but no
link local address on master.
Things are currently fairly ugly in Fedora: we create $BOOT/$MACHINE_ID/$KERNEL_VERSION/,
and then 20-grub.install that is installed by grub2-common.rpm wants to remove that
directory before 50-dracut.install get a chance to run. 50-dracut.install
checks for the presence of that directory to decide where to install the
kernel. So let's make the creation of the directory conditional. Previous
commit changes bootctl install to create $BOOT/$MACHINE_ID, and this commit
makes kernel-install not create it. In effect, the entry directory will only be
created if 'bootctl install' or something else created the parent directory.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1648907
When enabled, three samples are used to determine the value of a
received bit by majority rule.
This patch adds support for the TripleSampling= option in the [CAN]
section of .network files.
This makes it easier to see what is going on. Documentation for
--verbose and --help is added to the man page. Our plugins are updated
to also log a bit.
(This also removes support for booting into the EFI firmware setup
without logind. That's because otherwise the non-EFI fallback logind
implements can't work.)
Fixes: #9896
The option cursor-file takes a filename as argument. If the file exists and
contains a valid cursor, this is used to start the output after this position.
At the end, the last cursor gets written to the file.
This allows for an easy implementation of a timer that regularly looks in the
journal for some messages.
journalctl --cursor-file err-cursor -b -p err
journalctl --cursor-file audit-cursor -t audit --grep DENIED
Or you might want to walk the journal in steps of 10 messages:
journalctl --cursor-file ./curs -n10 --since=today -t systemd
adds a fully safe way how apps can pin files into /tmp temporarily, excepting them from the tmpfiles aging algorithm, based on BSD file locks on dirs we descend into
Let services use a private UTS namespace. In addition, a seccomp filter is
installed on set{host,domain}name and a ro bind mounts on
/proc/sys/kernel/{host,domain}name.
This adds /usr/local/lib/udev/rules.d to the search path on non-split-usr systems.
On split-usr systems, the paths with /usr/-prefixes are added too.
In the past, on split-usr systems, it made sense to only load rules from
/lib/udev/rules.d, because /usr could be mounted late. But we don't support running
without /usr since 80758717a6, so in practice it doesn't matter whether the
rules files are in /lib/udev/rules.d or /usr/lib/udev/rules.d. Distributions
that maintain the illusion of functional split-usr are welcome to simply not put any
files in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/.
In practice this doesn't change much, but it makes udev more consistent with the
rest of the systemd suite.
/usr/local/lib/systemd/dnssd is now also included in the search path. This
path is of limited usefulness, but it makes sense to be consistent.
Documentation is updated to match. Outdated advice against drop-ins in /usr
is removed.
standard-conf.xml is currently included by:
man/binfmt.d.xml
man/environment.d.xml
man/modules-load.d.xml
man/sysctl.d.xml
man/coredump.conf.xml
man/journal-remote.conf.xml
man/journal-upload.conf.xml
man/journald.conf.xml
man/logind.conf.xml
man/networkd.conf.xml
man/resolved.conf.xml
man/systemd-sleep.conf.xml
man/systemd-system.conf.xml
All those programs actually use CONF_PATHS_NULSTR or CONF_PATHS_STRV,
so this changes the documentation to match code.
Linux can be run on a device meant to act as a USB peripheral. In order
for a machine to act as such a USB device it has to be equipped with
a UDC - USB Device Controller.
This patch adds a target reached when UDC becomes available. It can be used
for activating e.g. a service unit which composes a USB gadget with
configfs and activates it.
This new setting allows configuration of CFS period on the CPU cgroup, instead
of using a hardcoded default of 100ms.
Tested:
- Legacy cgroup + Unified cgroup
- systemctl set-property
- systemctl show
- Confirmed that the cgroup settings (such as cpu.cfs_period_ns) were set
appropriately, including updating the CPU quota (cpu.cfs_quota_ns) when
CPUQuotaPeriodSec= is updated.
- Checked that clamping works properly when either period or (quota * period)
are below the resolution of 1ms, or if period is above the max of 1s.
We should probably refer to them from other man pages
for programs which use them, since right now all refs are
in systemd-boot(7). But creating the section is a good step
anyway.
They is quite a bit of those directives and they were in "MISCELLANEOUS" because
they don't quite fit anywhere. When the OCI-compat stuff is merged, there'll
be even more, so let's make a separate section for them.
We had "SYSTEM MANAGER DIRECTIVES" which was a misnomer already, because
it also listed user manager stuff. Let's make this a more general section
and move the items for other services there too (from "MISCELANENOUS").
Strictly speaking, those are not environment variables, but they are compatible
and people think about them like this. Moving them makes them easier to find.
When there is bad link in the network the carrier goes up/down.
This makes networkd stops all the clients and drop config.
But if the remote router/dhcpserver running a prevention
of DHCP Starvation attack or DHCP Flood attack it does not allow
networkd to take a DHCP lease resulting failure in configuration.
This patch allows to keep the client running and keep the conf
also for this scenario.
Closes#9111
KillMode=mixed and control group are used to indicate that all
process should be killed off. SendSIGKILL is used for services
that require a clean shutdown. These are typically database
service where a SigKilled process would result in a lengthy
recovery and who's shutdown or startup time is quite variable
(so Timeout settings aren't of use).
Here we take these two factors and refuse to start a service if
there are existing processes within a control group. Databases,
while generally having some protection against multiple instances
running, lets not stress the rigor of these. Also ExecStartPre
parts of the service aren't as rigoriously written to protect
against against multiple use.
closes#8630
Instead of having just a single INITRD field, add support for all
additional parameters being INITRD fields in order.
Signed-off-by: Mike Auty <mike.auty@gmail.com>
@bl33pbl0p, please fix your editor
(Apparently you never configured the source tree? If you did, then the
git pre-commit hook would have been enabled which doesn't allow
commiting non-whitespace clean stuff...)
It's similar to sd_bus_flush_close_unref() but doesn't do the flushing.
This is useful since this will still discnnect the connection properly
but not synchronously wait for the peer to take our messages.
Primary usecase is within _cleanup_() expressions where synchronously
waiting on the peer is not OK.
This looks better and allows those terms to be indexed in systemd.directives.
In particular, <literal></literal> is dropped from around section names
([Match] and others) because the parens are distinctive enough on their own.
The same style is used in systemd.unit(5) and other pages that describe
sections.
