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Programs such as OpenVPN may use ask-password for not only retrieving
passwords, but also usernames. Masking usernames with * seems just silly.
v2 - Don't mess with termios flags, instead print the input
instead of an asterix. Resolves issues with backspace
and TAB input.
v3 - Renamed 'do_echo' variables and argument to 'echo'. Also
modified the ask_password_{tty,agent,auto} API instead of
additional wrapper functions.
[zj: undo changes to ask_password_auto, since no callers were using
the new argument.]
Example from Tom Gundersen is included using xi:include.
The copyright notice stands out a bit. Maybe it should be removed,
and the code placed in public domain.
The desktop brand is stored as DESKTOP variable for sessions. It can be
set arbitrarily by the session owner and identifies the desktop
environment that is running on that session.
This makes possible to spawn service instances triggered by socket with
MLS/MCS SELinux labels which are created based on information provided by
connected peer.
Implementation of label_get_child_mls_label derived from xinetd.
Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
This sentence can be misread to mean that "\x20" is the escape code for
"-" which is the only character explicitly mentioned. This lead to at
least one user loosing hair over why a mount unit for "/foo/bar-baz"
didn't work. The example escape is arbitrary so lets prevent hair loss.
This extends the udev parser to support OP_REMOVE (-=) and adds support
for TAG-= to remove previously set tags. We don't fail if the tag didn't
exist.
This is pretty handy if we ship default rules for seat-assignments and
users want to exclude specific devices from that. They can easily add
rules that drop any automatically added "seat" tags again.
This lets the routing metric for links to be specified per-network,
still defaulting to DHCP_ROUTE_METRIC (1024) if unspecified. Hopefully
this helps with multiple interfaces configured via DHCP.
Add a new directive called BusPolicy to define custom endpoint policies. If
one such directive is given, an endpoint object in the service's ExecContext is
created and the given policy is added to it.
hibernate-resume-generator understands resume= kernel command line parameter
and instantiates the systemd-resume@.service accordingly if it is passed.
This enables resume from hibernation using device specified on the kernel
command line, and it may be specified either as "/dev/disk/by-foo/bar"
or "FOO=bar", not only "/dev/sdXY" which is understood by the in-kernel
implementation.
So now resume= is brought on par with root= in terms of possible ways to
specify a device.
This can be used to initiate a resume from hibernation by path to a swap
device containing the hibernation image.
The respective templated unit is also added. It is instantiated using
path to the desired resume device.
When this system-wide start-up timeout is hit we execute one of the
failure actions already implemented for services that fail.
This should not only be useful on embedded devices, but also on laptops
which have the power-button reachable when the lid is closed. This
devices, when in a backpack might get powered on by accident due to the
easily reachable power button. We want to make sure that the system
turns itself off if it starts up due this after a while.
When the system manages to fully start-up logind will suspend the
machine by default if the lid is closed. However, in some cases we don't
even get as far as logind, and the boot hangs much earlier, for example
because we ask for a LUKS password that nobody ever enters.
Yeah, this is a real-life problem on my Yoga 13, which has one of those
easily accessible power buttons, even if the device is closed.
This is useful for services that simply want to run something on
shutdown, but not at bootup. They should only set ExecStop= but leave
ExecStart= unset.
This turns journalctl to the counterpart of systemd-cat.
Messages sent with
systemd-cat --identifier foo --prioritiy debug
can now be shown with
journalctl --identifier foo --prioritiy debug
"--identifier" is not merged with "--unit" to make a clear
distinction between syslog and systemd units.
syslog identifiers can be chosen freely by anyone.
This is what we have done so far for all other time values, and hence we
should do this here. This indicates the default unit of time values
specified here, if they don't contain a unit.
This makes possible to spawn service instances triggered by socket with
MLS/MCS SELinux labels which are created based on information provided by
connected peer.
Implementation of label_get_child_label derived from xinetd.
Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
The interface for creating tuntap devices should be ported to rtnl so it would support the same settings
as other kinds. In the meantime, the best one can do is to drop in a .link file to set the desired options.
Remove the sd_ prefix from internal functions and get rid of the sd_memfd
type. As a memfd is now just a native file descriptor, we can get rid of our
own wrapper type, and also use close() and dup() on them directly.
TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT Allow a listener to be awakened only when data
arrives on the socket. If TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT set on a server-side
listening socket, the TCP/IP stack will not to wait for the final
ACK packet and not to initiate the process until the first packet
of real data has arrived. After sending the SYN/ACK, the server will
then wait for a data packet from a client. Now, only three packets
will be sent over the network, and the connection establishment delay
will be significantly reduced.
The tcp keep alive variables now can be configured via conf
parameter. Follwing variables are now supported by this patch.
tcp_keepalive_intvl: The number of seconds between TCP keep-alive probes
tcp_keepalive_probes: The maximum number of TCP keep-alive probes to
send before giving up and killing the connection if no response is
obtained from the other end.
tcp_keepalive_time: The number of seconds a connection needs to be
idle before TCP begins sending out keep-alive probes.
This reverts commit 9528592ff8.
Apparently TFO is actually the default at least for the server side now.
Also the setsockopt doesn't actually take a bool, but a qlen integer.
TCP Fast Open (TFO) speeds up the opening of successiveTCP)
connections between two endpoints.It works by using a TFO cookie
in the initial SYN packet to authenticate a previously connected
client. It starts sending data to the client before the receipt
of the final ACK packet of the three way handshake is received,
skipping a round trip and lowering the latency in the start of
transmission of data.
This patch adds support for TCP TCP_NODELAY socket option. This can be
configured via NoDelay conf parameter. TCP Nagle's algorithm works by
combining a number of small outgoing messages, and sending them all at
once. This controls the TCP_NODELAY socket option.
This causes machines without connectivity to hang where they would otherwise fail. Keep it
opt-in for now, but consider whether we sholud just drop it.
Newer kernels export meta-information about the origin of an ifname. Respect this
from the ifname rename logic. We do not rename any interfaces that was originally
named by userspace, nor once which have already been renamed from userspace.
Moreover, we optionally do not (the default) rename interfaces which the kernel
claims to have named in a predictable way.
* systemd-bootchart always parses /proc/uptime, although the
information is unnecessary when --rel specified
* use /proc/uptime is overkill, since Linux 2.6.39 we have
clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, ...). The backend on kernel side is
get_monotonic_boottime() in both cases.
* main() uses "if (graph_start <= 0.0)" to detect that /proc is
available.
This is fragile solution as graph_start is always smaller than zero
on all systems after suspend/resume (e.g. laptops), because in this
case the system uptime includes suspend time and uptime is always
greater number than monotonic time. For example right now difference
between uptime and monotonic time is 37 hours on my laptop.
Note that main() calls log_uptime() (to parse /proc/uptime) for each
sample when it believes that /proc is not available. So on my laptop
systemd-boochars spends all live with /proc/uptime parsing +
nanosleep(), try
strace /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-bootchart
to see the never ending loop.
This patch uses access("/proc/vmstat", F_OK) to detect procfs.
We generally have separate man pages for all configuration files.
In this case udev.conf was already described in systemd-udevd.service(8),
but it was hard to find. Docbook makes it hard to add a .so link from
a different section, so describe udev.conf in its own page.
This changes the behavior when both DHCPv4 and IPv4LL are enabled. Before,
we would disable IPv4LL when we got a DHCPv4 lease and enable it if the
lease was lost.
Now we just always set up both, if both are enabled, but the DHCPv4
addresses and routes will always take precedence due to their metric
and scope.
Some events take longer than the default 30 seconds. Killing those
events will leave the machine halfway configured.
Add a commandline option '--event-timeout' to handle these cases.
This is necessary for non-ipv4ll hosts to communicate with ipv4ll-only hosts on the same link. Defaults
to being enabled, but can be opted out.
See: <http://avahi.org/wiki/AvahiAutoipd#Routes>
The following bond options are supported by this patch.
MIIMonitorSec:
Specifies the frequency in milli-seconds that MII link
monitoring will occur.
UpDelaySec:
Specifies the delay time in milli-seconds to enable a link
after a link up status has been detected.
DownDelaySec:
Specifies the delay time in milli-seconds to disable a link
after a link failure has been detected.
changes:
1. Added gconf variables.
2. man page
conf:
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
TransmitHashPolicy=layer2+3
LacpduTransmitRate=fast
MIIMonitorSec=1s
UpDelaySec=2s
DownDelaySec=8s
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2+3 (2)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 1000
Up Delay (ms): 2000
Down Delay (ms): 8000
802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
bond bond1 has no active aggregator
[tomegun: rephrased manpage, dropped bond_ prefix from variables]
LacpduTransmitRate
option specifies the rate in which link partner to transmit
LACPDU packets in 802.3ad mode. Possible values
slow : Request partner to transmit LACPDUs every 30 seconds
fast : Request partner to transmit LACPDUs every 1 second
The default is slow.
chages:
1. Added enum bond_lacp_rate_table
2. gperf LacpduTransmitRate
Test:
conf file:
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
LacpduTransmitRate=fast
test:
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2+3 (2)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
bond bond1 has no active aggregator
[tomegun: renamed from LacpduTransmitRate to LACPTransmitRate, manpage fixes and
dropped bond_ prefix from variables]
This patch adds support the transmit hash policy to use
for slave selection in balance-xor, 802.3ad, and tlb modes
layer2, layer3+4, layer2+3, encap3+4, encap3+4
Added:
1. BondXmitHashPolicy
2. conf param TransmitHashPolicy
Test conf:
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
TransmitHashPolicy=layer2+3
test output:
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2+3 (2)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
802.3ad info
LACP rate: slow
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
bond bond1 has no active aggregator
[tomegun: dropped bond_ prefix from new Bond variable, drop repeated man-page section]
A system that is running on a logical partition (LPAR) provided by
PR/SM has access to physical hardware (except CPU). It is true that
PR/SM abstracts the hardware, but only for sharing purposes.
Details are statet at:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/eserver/v1r2/topic/eicaz/eicazzlpar.htm
-->--
In other words, PR/SM transforms physical resources into virtual resources so
that many logical partitions can share the same physical resources.
--<--
Still, from the OS point of view, the shared virtual resource is real
hardware. ConditionVirtualization must be set to false if the OS runs
directly on PR/SM (e.g. in an LPAR).
[zj: reorder code so that variables are not allocated when #if-def is
false. Add commit message.]
Previously existing scheme where the file name would be based on
the source was just too ugly and unpredicatable. Now there are
only two options:
1. just one file (until rotation),
2. one file per source host, using the hostname as filename part.
For the cases where the source is specified by the user, only
option one is allowed, and the full of the file must be specified.
It appears there is no good way to decide whether or not broadcasts should be enabled,
there is hardware that must have broadcast, and there are networks that only allow
unicast. So we give up and make this configurable.
By default, unicast is used, but if the kernel were to inform us abotu certain
interfaces requiring broadcast, we could change this to opt-in by default in
those cases.
Vendor Class Identifier be used by DHCP clients to identify
their vendor type and configuration. When using this option,
vendors can define their own specific identifier values, such
as to convey a particular hardware or operating system
configuration or other identifying information.
Vendor-specified DHCP options—features that let administrators assign
separate options to clients with similar configuration requirements.
For example, if DHCP-aware clients for example we want to separate
different gateway and option for different set of people
(dev/test/hr/finance) in a org or devices for example web/database
servers or let's say in a embedded device etc and require a different
default gateway or DNS server than the rest of clients.
Now route metric can be configuted via conf file:
example conf:
[Match]
Name=em1
[Route]
Gateway=192.168.1.12
Metric=10
Test:
ip route output
default via 192.168.1.12 dev em1 metric 10
[tomegun: squash TODO update and reword man page a bit]
An administrator might want to block a certain sysusers config file from
being executed, e.g. to block the creation of a certain user.
Only a relatively short description is added in the man page, since
overrides should be relatively rare.
It is annoying when we have dead links on fd.o.
Add project='man-pages|die-net|archlinux' to <citerefentry>-ies.
In generated html, add external links to
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man, http://linux.die.net/man/,
https://www.archlinux.org/.
By default, pages in sections 2 and 4 go to man7, since Michael
Kerrisk is the autorative source on kernel related stuff.
The rest of links goes to linux.die.net, because they have the
manpages.
Except for the pacman stuff, since it seems to be only available from
archlinux.org.
Poor gummiboot gets no link, because gummitboot(8) ain't to be found
on the net. According to common wisdom, that would mean that it does
not exist. But I have seen Kay using it, so I know it does, and
deserves to be found. Can somebody be nice and put it up somewhere?
This patch adds supports networkd to configure bond mode
during creation via persistent conf. Mode can be configured
with conf param 'Mode'. A new section Bond is added to the
conf to support bond mode.
These modes can be configured now.
balance-rr
active-backup
balance-xor
broadcast
802.3ad
balance-tlb
balance-alb
Example conf file: test-bond.conf
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
[Bond]
Mode=balance-xor
Test case:
1. start networkd service:
12: bond1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc
noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 22:89:6c:47:23:d2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
2. find bond mode:
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: load balancing (xor)
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Changes:
1. Added file networkd-bond.c
2. Bond mode enum BondMode
3. conf section [Bond]
[tomegun: whitespace]
As Zbigniew pointed out a new ConditionFirstBoot= appears like the nicer
way to hook in systemd-firstboot.service on first boots (those with /etc
unpopulated), so let's do this, and get rid of the generator again.
This patch introduces TUN/TAP device creation support
to networkd.
Example conf to create a tap device:
file: tap.netdev
------------------
[NetDev]
Name=tap-test
Kind=tap
[Tap]
OneQueue=true
MultiQueue=true
PacketInfo=true
User=sus
Group=sus
------------------
Test:
1. output of ip link
tap-test: tap pi one_queue UNKNOWN_FLAGS:900 user 1000 group 1000
id:
uid=1000(sus) gid=10(wheel) groups=10(wheel),1000(sus)
context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
Modifications:
Added:
1. file networkd-tuntap.c
3. netdev kind NETDEV_KIND_TUN and NETDEV_KIND_TAP
2. Tun and Tap Sections and config params to parse
conf and gperf conf parameters
[tomegun: tweak the 'kind' checking for received ifindex]
This new tool is based on "sd-path", a new (so far unexported) API for
libsystemd, that can hopefully grow into a workable API covering /opt
and more one day.
Send hostname (option 12) in DISCOVER and REQUEST messages so the
DHCP server could use it to register with dynamic DNS and such.
To opt-out of this behaviour set SendHostname to false in [DHCP]
section of .network file
[tomegun: rebased, made sure a failing set_hostname is a noop and moved
config from DHCPv4 to DHCP]
The example does not compile, it fails with:
error: passing argument 3 of ‘sd_journal_get_data’ from incompatible
pointer type
Cast to (const void **) to avoid this.
Reformat fstab options description. Now they are easier to read and
show up in systemd.directives(7).
Use a single sublist for both /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab options.
Many of them can be used in both places. crypttab(5) is updated to use
the same docbook elements, so formatting is uniform.
This adds support for DHCP options 33 and 121: Static Route and
Classless Static Route. To enable this feature, set UseRoutes=true
in .network file. Returned routes are added to the routing table.
If there are v4 or v6 specific options we can keep those in separate sections,
but for the common options, we will use only one.
Moreovere only use DHCP=[yes/both|no/none|v4|v6] to enable or disable the clients.
Let's move things closer to journald's configuration settings, which
knows Compress= already, as a boolean. This makes things more uniform,
but also gives us more freedom to possibly swap out the used compression
algorithm one day.
This sounds overly low-level and implementation-detaily. Let's just
use the default level XZ suggests. This gives us more room to possibly
swap out the compression algorithm used, as the compression level range
will not leak into user configuration.
When disk space taken up by coredumps grows beyond a configured limit
start removing the oldest coredump of the user with the most coredumps,
until we get below the limit again.
Previously it would recursively copy the entire tree in, and descend
into subdirectories even if the destination already exists. Let's do
what the documentation says and not do that.
If files down the tree shall be copied too, they should get their own
"C" lines.
Now that we actually can distuingish system and normal users there's no
point in taking session information into account anymore when splitting
up logs.
This has the beenfit with that coredump information will actually end up
in each user's own journal.
The DefaultInstance= name is used when enabling template units when only
specifying the template name, but no instance.
Add DefaultInstance=tty1 to getty@.service, so that when the template
itself is enabled an instance for tty1 is created.
This is useful so that we "systemctl preset-all" can work properly,
because we can operate on getty@.service after finding it, and the right
instance is created.
The new "systemctl preset-all" command may now be used to put all
installed units back into the enable/disable state the vendor/admin
encoded in preset files.
Also, introduce "systemctl --preset-mode=enable-only" and "systemctl
--preset-mode=disable-only" to only apply the enable or only the disable
operations of a "systemctl preset" or "systemctl preset-all" operation.
"systemctl preset-all" implements this RFE:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=630174
The file should have been in /usr/lib/ in the first place, since it
describes the OS container in /usr (and not the configuration in /etc),
hence, let's support os-release files in /usr/lib as fallback if no
version in /etc exists, following the usual override logic.
A prior commit already enabled tmpfiles to create /etc/os-release as a
symlink to /usr/lib/os-release should it be missing, thus providing nice
compatibility with applications only checking in /etc.
While it's probably a good idea if all apps check both locations via a
fallback logic, it is only necessary in the early boot process, as long
as the /etc/os-release symlink has not been restored, in case we boot
with an empty /etc.
network-pre.target is a passive target that should be pulled in by
services that want to be executed before any network is configured (for
example: firewall scrips).
network-pre.target should be ordered before all network managemet
services (but not be pulled in by them).
network-pre.target should be order after all services that want to be
executed before any network is configured (and be pulled in by them).
If two lines refer to paths that are suffix and prefix of each other,
then always process the prefix first, the suffix second. In all other
cases strictly process rules in the order they appear in the files.
This makes creating /var/run as symlink to /run a lot more fun, since it
is automatically created first.
"m" so far has been a non-globbing version of "z". Since this makes it
quite redundant, let's get rid of it. Remove "m" from the man pages,
beef up "z" docs instead, and make "m" nothing more than a compatibility
alias for "z".
Instead of blindly creating another bind mount for read-only mounts,
check if there's already one we can use, and if so, use it. Also,
recursively mark all submounts read-only too. Also, ignore autofs mounts
when remounting read-only unless they are already triggered.
Restart=on-abnormal is similar to Restart=on-failure, but avoids
restarts on unclean exit codes (but still doing restarts on all
obviously unclean exits, such as timeouts, signals, coredumps, watchdog
timeouts).
Also see:
https://fedorahosted.org/fpc/ticket/191
This would otherwise unconditionally trigger any /boot autofs mount,
which we probably should avoid.
ProtectSystem= will now only cover /usr and (optionally) /etc, both of
which cannot be autofs anyway.
ProtectHome will continue to cover /run/user and /home. The former
cannot be autofs either. /home could be, however is frequently enough
used (unlikey /boot) so that it isn't too problematic to simply trigger
it unconditionally via ProtectHome=.
Also, rename ProtectedHome= to ProtectHome=, to simplify things a bit.
With this in place we now have two neat options ProtectSystem= and
ProtectHome= for protecting the OS itself (and optionally its
configuration), and for protecting the user's data.
With Symlinks= we can manage one or more symlinks to AF_UNIX or FIFO
nodes in the file system, with the same lifecycle as the socket itself.
This has two benefits: first, this allows us to remove /dev/log and
/dev/initctl from /dev, thus leaving only symlinks, device nodes and
directories in the /dev tree. More importantly however, this allows us
to move /dev/log out of /dev, while still making it accessible there, so
that PrivateDevices= can provide /dev/log too.
ReadOnlySystem= uses fs namespaces to mount /usr and /boot read-only for
a service.
ProtectedHome= uses fs namespaces to mount /home and /run/user
inaccessible or read-only for a service.
This patch also enables these settings for all our long-running services.
Together they should be good building block for a minimal service
sandbox, removing the ability for services to modify the operating
system or access the user's private data.
It is almost always incorrect to allow DHCP or other sources of
transient host names to override an explicitly configured static host
name.
This commit changes things so that if a static host name is set, this
will override the transient host name (eg: provided via DHCP). Transient
host names can still be used to provide host names for machines that have
not been explicitly configured with a static host name.
The exception to this rule is if the static host name is set to
"localhost". In those cases we act as if no
static host name has been explicitly set.
As discussed elsewhere, systemd may want to have an fd based ownership
of the transient name. That part is not included in this commit.
Only accept cpu quota values in percentages, get rid of period
definition.
It's not clear whether the CFS period controllable per-cgroup even has a
future in the kernel, hence let's simplify all this, hardcode the period
to 100ms and only accept percentage based quota values.
Similar to CPUShares= and BlockIOWeight= respectively. However only
assign the specified weight during startup. Each control group
attribute is re-assigned as weight by CPUShares=weight and
BlockIOWeight=weight after startup. If not CPUShares= or
BlockIOWeight= be specified, then the attribute is re-assigned to each
default attribute value. (default cpu.shares=1024, blkio.weight=1000)
If only CPUShares=weight or BlockIOWeight=weight be specified, then
that implies StartupCPUShares=weight and StartupBlockIOWeight=weight.
Some unattended systems do not have a console attached and entering
the default rescue mode will not be too helpful. Allow to specify
the "-y" option to attempt to fix all filesystem errors.
Manually verified by downloading an image.gz of e2fsprogs, using
losetup and running systemd-fsck on the loop device and varying
the fsck.repair=preen|yes|no option.
Shift the asterisks in the documentation's prototypes such that they
are consistent among each other. Use the right side to match what is
used in source code.
Addendum to commit v209~82.
"When refering to code, STDOUT/STDOUT/STDERR are replaced with
stdin/stdout/stderr, and in other places they are replaced with
normal phrases like standard output, etc."
Addendum to commit v209~127.
To make sure we don't delay boot on systems where (some) network links are managed by someone else
we don't block if something else has successfully brought up a link.
We will still block until all links we are aware of that are managed by networkd have been
configured, but if no such links exist, and someone else have configured a link sufficiently
that it has a carrier, it may be that the link is ready so we should no longer block.
Note that in all likelyhood the link is not ready (no addresses/routes configured),
so whatever network managment daemon configured it should provide a similar wait-online
service to block network-online.target until it is ready.
The aim is to block as long as we know networking is not fully configured, but no longer. This
will allow systemd-networkd-wait-online.service to be enabled on any system, even if we don't
know whether networkd is the main/only network manager.
Even in the case networking is fully configured by networkd, the default behavior may not be
sufficient: if two links need to be configured, but the first is fully configured before the
second one appears we will assume the network is up. To work around that, we allow specifying
specific devices to wait for before considering the network up.
This unit is enabled by default, just like systemd-networkd, but will only be pulled in if
anyone pulls in network-online.target.
When rebooting with systemctl, an optional argument can be passed to the
reboot system call. This makes it possible the specify the argument in a
service file and use it when the service triggers a restart.
This is useful to distinguish between manual reboots and reboots caused by
failing services.
The way the kernel namespaces have been implemented breaks assumptions
udev made regarding uevent sequence numbers. Creating devices in a
namespace "steals" uevents and its sequence numbers from the host. It
confuses the "udevadmin settle" logic, which might block until util a
timeout is reached, even when no uevent is pending.
Remove any assumptions about sequence numbers and deprecate libudev's
API exposing these numbers; none of that can reliably be used anymore
when namespaces are involved.
Currently when both ipv4ll and dhcp are enabled, ipv4ll
address (if one has been claimed) is removed when dhcp
address is aquired. This is not the best thing to do
since there might be clients unaware of the removal
trying to communicate.
This patch provides a smooth transition between ipv4ll
and dhcp. If ipv4ll address was claimed [1] before dhcp,
address is marked as deprecated. Deprecated address is still
a valid address and packets can be received on it but address
cannot be selected as a source address. If dhcp lease cannot
be extended, then ipv4ll address is marked as valid again.
[1] If there is no collision, claiming IPv4LL takes between 4 to
7 seconds.
tcpwrap is legacy code, that is barely maintained upstream. It's APIs
are awful, and the feature set it exposes (such as DNS and IDENT
access control) questionnable. We should not support this natively in
systemd.
Hence, let's remove the code. If people want to continue making use of
this, they can do so by plugging in "tcpd" for the processes they start.
With that scheme things are as well or badly supported as they were from
traditional inetd, hence no functionality is really lost.
There's really no point to send the reboot SIGINT from machinectl
directly, if machined can do that anyway. This saves code, and
makes machinectl network transparent for these verbs. And while we are
at it we can easily add a "poweroff" verb in addition to "reboot". Yay!
Commit 4a77ca7 was an attempt at fixing the wording of --after and --before,
but the new wording was unclear.
Split the combined --after/--before section into a separate section for
each, explicitly state what each option does, and add information about
how these lists are generated.
Reported-by: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Now --listen-http=-3 --listen-https=-4 can be used to spawn a µhttpd
server on those two ports, in http and https modes respectively.
As before, --listen-http=3 --listen-https=4 will launch µhttpd servers
on ports 3 and 4.
The whole tool is made dependent on µhttpd availability. It should be
easy to make the µhttpd parts conditional, but since transfer over
HTTP seems to be the primary use case, currently this is not done.
Current implementation uses nested epoll loops: sd-event is used for
the external event loop, and µhttpd uses epoll in its own
loop. Unfortunately µhttpd does not expose enough information to add
the descriptors it uses to the external event loop. This means that
starvation of other events is possible, if one of the inner µhttpd
loops is constantly busy. This means that µhttpd servers should not
be mixed with other sources.
The TLS authentication parts haven't been really tested properly, and
should not be take too seriously.
This will let journald forward logs as messages sent to all logged in
users (like wall).
Two options are added:
* ForwardToWall (default yes)
* MaxLevelWall (default emerg)
'ForwardToWall' is overridable by kernel command line option
'systemd.journald.forward_to_wall'.
This is used to emulate the traditional syslogd behaviour of sending
emergency messages to all logged in users.
This makes it possible to initialize the /etc/machine-id file on an
arbitrary filesystem hierarchy. This helps systems that wish to run
this at image creation time in a subdirectory, or from initramfs before
pivot-root is called.
[tomegun: converted to using _cleanup_free_ macros]
"systemctl list-machines" shows one line per local container which
includes the current system state of the container, the number of failed
units as well as the number of currently queued jobs.
The new calls work similarly, but enforce a that a common, fixed bus
path prefix is used.
This follows discussions with Simon McVittie on IRC that it should be a
good idea to make sure that people don't use the escaping applied here
too wildly as anything other than the last label of a bus path.
When run in an initrd and no root= argument is set (or is set to
root=gpt-auto) we will automatically look for the root partition on the
same disk the EFI ESP is located on.
Since we look for swap, /home and /srv on the disk the root partition is
located on, we hence have a fully discoverable chain:
Firmware discovers the EFI ESP partition → the initrd discovers the
root partition → the host OS discovers swap, /home, and /srv.
Note that this requires an EFI boot loader that sets the
LoaderDevicePartUUID EFI variable, such as Gummiboot.
The code for parsing these properties is shared with "systemctl
set-property", which means all the resource control settings are
immediately available.
This way each user allocates from his own pool, with its own size limit.
This puts the size limit by default to 10% of the physical RAM size but
makes it configurable in logind.conf.
Previously we expected the desktop environment to take an inhibitor
lock, but this opened a race on boot-up where logind might already be
running but no DE is active.
Hence, let's move checking for additional displays into logind. This
also opens up this logic for other DEs, given that only GNOME
implemented the inhibitor logic so far.
This partially reverts 41a55c46ab
Some specifications we want to stay compatibility actually document
/var/run, not /run, and we should stay compatible with that. In order to
make sure our D-Bus implementation works on any system, regardless if
running systemd or not, we should always use /var/run which is the
only path mandated by the D-Bus spec.
Similar, glibc hardcodes the utmp location to /var/run, and this is
exposed in _UTMP_PATH in limits.h, hence let's stay in sync with this
public API, too.
We simply do not support systems where /var/run is not a symlink → /run.
Hence both are equivalent. Staying compatible with upstream
specifications hence weighs more than cleaning up superficial
appearance.
This new unit settings allows restricting which address families are
available to processes. This is an effective way to minimize the attack
surface of services, by turning off entire network stacks for them.
This is based on seccomp, and does not work on x86-32, since seccomp
cannot filter socketcall() syscalls on that platform.
According to Wikipedia it is customary to specify hardware metrics and
transfer speeds to the basis 1000 (SI decimal), while software metrics
and physical volatile memory (RAM) sizes to the basis 1024 (IEC binary).
So far we specified everything in IEC, let's fix that and be more
true to what's otherwise customary. Since we don't want to parse "Mi"
instead of "M" we document each time what the context used is.
This also changes the names to MTUBytes and BitsPerSecond, respectively. Notice
that the speed was mistakenly documented to be in bytes before this change.
This permit to switch to a specific apparmor profile when starting a daemon. This
will result in a non operation if apparmor is disabled.
It also add a new build requirement on libapparmor for using this feature.
Either it is shared across threads, or it is per-thread: decide.
Reading the source code, I see a thread_local identifier, so that's
that. But that does not yet preclude that a program may pass around
the pointer returned from the function among its own threads.
Do a best effort at saying so.
Issues fixed:
* missing words required by grammar
* duplicated or extraneous words
* inappropriate forms (e.g. singular/plural), and declinations
* orthographic misspellings
This adds the host side of the veth link to the given bridge.
Also refactor the creation of the veth interfaces a bit to set it up
from the host rather than the container. This simplifies the addition
to the bridge, but otherwise the behavior is unchanged.
Actually 'STDOUT' is something that doesn't appear anywhere: in the
stdlib we have 'stdin', and there's only the constant STDOUT_FILENO,
so there's no reason to use capitals. When refering to code,
STDOUT/STDOUT/STDERR are replaced with stdin/stdout/stderr, and in
other places they are replaced with normal phrases like standard
output, etc.
* standardize capitalization of STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR
* reword some sentences for clarity
* reflow some very long lines to be shorter than ~80 characters
* add some missing <literal>, <constant>, <varname>, <option>, and <filename> tags
The behavior of this is a little cryptic in that $MAINPID must exit as
a direct result of receiving a signal in order for a listed signal to
be considered a success condition.
This is useful to prohibit execution of non-native processes on systems,
for example 32bit binaries on 64bit systems, this lowering the attack
service on incorrect syscall and ioctl 32→64bit mappings.
- Allow configuration of an errno error to return from blacklisted
syscalls, instead of immediately terminating a process.
- Fix parsing logic when libseccomp support is turned off
- Only keep the actual syscall set in the ExecContext, and generate the
string version only on demand.
This allows customization of the arguments used by less. The main
motivation is that some folks might not like having --no-init on every
invocation of less.
Also limit the range of vlan ids. Other implementations and
documentation use the ranges {0,1}-{4094,4095}, but we use
the one accepted by the kernel: 0-4094.
Reported-by: Oleksii Shevchuk <alxchk@gmail.com>
Let's always call the security labels the same way:
SMACK: "Smack Label"
SELINUX: "SELinux Security Context"
And the low-level encapsulation is called "seclabel". Now let's hope we
stick to this vocabulary in future, too, and don't mix "label"s and
"security contexts" and so on wildly.
This permit to let system administrators decide of the domain of a service.
This can be used with templated units to have each service in a différent
domain ( for example, a per customer database, using MLS or anything ),
or can be used to force a non selinux enabled system (jvm, erlang, etc)
to start in a different domain for each service.
This is initialized from XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP and is useful for GNOME
to recognize its own sessions. It's supposed to be set to a short string
identifying the session, such as "kde" or "gnome".
- As suggested, prefix argument variables with "arg_" how we do this
usually.
- As suggested, don't involve memory allocations when storing command
line arguments.
- Break --help text at 80 chars
- man: explain that this is about SELinux
- don't do unnecessary memory allocations when putting together mount
option string
This patch adds to new options:
-Z PROCESS_LABEL
This specifies the process label to run on processes run within the container.
-L FILE_LABEL
The file label to assign to memory file systems created within the container.
For example if you wanted to wrap an container with SELinux sandbox labels, you could execute a command line the following
chcon system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 -R /srv/container
systemd-nspawn -L system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 -Z system_u:system_r:svirt_lxc_net_t:s0:c0,c1 -D /srv/container /bin/sh
These connections are never torn down, even when the DHCP specifications say that
they should be. This is useful/necessary when the rootfs (or another critical fs)
is mounted over this network connection, and dataloss would result if the connection
is lost.
This option defaults to off, but our initrd generator (TBD) will enable it when
applicable.
This should fix some race with terminating systemd --user, where the
system systemd instance might race against the user systemd instance
when sending SIGTERM.
When set to auto, status will shown when the first ephemeral message
is shown (a job has been running for five seconds). Then until the
boot or shutdown ends, status messages will be shown.
No indication about the switch is done: I think it should be clear
for the user that first the cylon eye and the ephemeral messages appear,
and afterwards messages are displayed.
The initial arming of the event source was still wrong, but now should
really be fixed.
signal(7) provides a list of functions which may be called from a
signal handler. Other functions, which only call those functions and
don't access global memory and are reentrant are also safe.
sd_j_sendv was mostly OK, but would call mkostemp and writev in a
fallback path, which are unsafe.
Being able to call sd_j_sendv in a async-signal-safe way is important
because it allows it be used in signal handlers.
Safety is achieved by replacing mkostemp with open(O_TMPFILE) and an
open-coded writev replacement which uses write. Unfortunately,
O_TMPFILE is only available on kernels >= 3.11. When O_TMPFILE is
unavailable, an open-coded mkostemp is used.
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=722889
Debian recently introduced the option key-slot to /etc/crypttab to
specify the LUKS key slot to be used for decrypting the device. On
systems where a keyfile is used and the key is not in the first slot,
this can speed up the boot process quite a bit, since cryptsetup does
not need to try all of the slots sequentially. (Unsuccessfully testing
a key slot typically takes up to about 1 second.)
This patch makes systemd aware of this option.
Debian bug that introduced the feature:
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=704470
Similar to PrivateNetwork=, PrivateTmp= introduce PrivateDevices= that
sets up a private /dev with only the API pseudo-devices like /dev/null,
/dev/zero, /dev/random, but not any physical devices in them.
Before, journald would remove journal files until both MaxUse= and
KeepFree= settings would be satisfied. The first one depends (if set
automatically) on the size of the file system and is constant. But
the second one depends on current use of the file system, and a spike
in disk usage would cause journald to delete journal files, trying to
reach usage which would leave 15% of the disk free. This behaviour is
surprising for the user who doesn't expect his logs to be purged when
disk usage goes above 85%, which on a large disk could be some
gigabytes from being full. In addition attempting to keep 15% free
provides an attack vector where filling the disk sufficiently disposes
of almost all logs.
Instead, obey KeepFree= only as a limit on adding additional files.
When replacing old files with new, ignore KeepFree=. This means that
if journal disk usage reached some high point that at some later point
start to violate the KeepFree= constraint, journald will not add files
to go above this point, but it will stay (slightly) below it. When
journald is restarted, it forgets the previous maximum usage value,
and sets the limit based on the current usage, so if disk remains to
be filled, journald might use one journal-file-size less on each
restart, if restarts happen just after rotation. This seems like a
reasonable compromise between implementation complexity and robustness.
This is a continuation of e3e0314b systemctl: allow globbing in commands
which take multiple unit names.
Multiple patterns can be specified, as separate arguments, or as one argument
with patterns seperated by commas.
If patterns are given, at least one unit must be matched (by any of the patterns).
This is different behaviour than systemctl, but here it is necessary because
otherwise anything would be matched, which is unlikely to be the intended
behaviour.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59336
These keys are mandatory in [Address]/[Route] sections. Otherwise, we
hit an assert:
ens3: setting addresses
Assertion 'address->family == 2 || address->family == 10' failed at /build/amd64-generic/tmp/portage/sys-apps/systemd-9999-r1/work/systemd-9999/src/network/networkd-address.c:137, function address_configure(). Aborting.
Reported-by: Alex Polvi <alex.polvi@coreos.com>
At the same time make sure Route's Destination and Gateway uses the same address family.
Nspawn has --setenv, and systemd itself accepts systemd.setenv.
It is nice to have the same parameter name everywhere.
Old name is accepted, but not advertised.
grawity:
It looks like the old version _was_ correct – the default value will
be "Type=dbus" if the service has a BusName set.
Suggested change: "if neither Type= nor BusName= is specified"
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to:
- missing words, preposition choice.
- change of /lib to /usr/lib, because that is what most distros are
using as the system-wide location for systemd/udev files.
Various operations done by systemd-tmpfiles may only be safely done at
boot (e.g. removal of X lockfiles in /tmp, creation of /run/nologin).
Other operations may be done at any point in time (e.g. setting the
ownership on /{run,var}/log/journal). This distinction is largely
orthogonal to the type of operation.
A new switch --unsafe is added, and operations which should only be
executed during bootup are marked with an exclamation mark in the
configuration files. systemd-tmpfiles.service is modified to use this
switch, and guards are added so it is hard to re-start it by mistake.
If we install a new version of systemd, we actually want to enforce
some changes to tmpfiles configuration immediately. This should now be
possible to do safely, so distribution packages can be modified to
execute the "safe" subset at package installation time.
/run/nologin creation is split out into a separate service, to make it
easy to override.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1043212https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1045849
Condition for /lib (necessary for split /usr) was missing from the unit.
Some changes which were done in tmpfiles.d(5) were not carried over to
systemd-tmpfiles(1).
Also use markup where possible.
Also, introduce a new environment variable named $WATCHDOG_PID which
cotnains the PID of the process that is supposed to send the keep-alive
events. This is similar how $LISTEN_FDS and $LISTEN_PID work together,
and protects against confusing processes further down the process tree
due to inherited environment.
These specifiers require NSS lookups to work, and we really shouldn't do
them from PID 1 hence. With this change they are now only supported for
user systemd instance, or when the configured user for a unit is root.
We have lots of questions from people who assume that shell syntax works
here, so let's be very explicit what is allowed and what is not. A few
examples should also help.
http://bugs.debian.org/732156
This adds the new library call sd_journal_open_container() and a new
"-M" switch to journalctl. Particular care is taken that journalctl's
"-b" switch resolves to the current boot ID of the container, not the
host.
Instead of returning an enum of return codes, make them return error
codes like kdbus does internally.
Also, document this behaviour so that clients can stick to it.
(Also rework bus-control.c to always have to functions for dbus1 vs.
kernel implementation of the various calls.)
Those files can be in a completely deferent format and also
arbitrarily long, and usually contain information about other
stuff. If we ever add SourceLine= or SourceLines= in addition
to SourcePath=, and can show the relevant information only, this
commit can be reverted.
itistoday> how do you specify multiple dependencies in a unit file? i've been
googling and can't find this basic thing :-\
itistoday> do you use a comma, or use multiple After= statements?
This reverts commit adcf4c81c5.
We have a better solution for the problem of making two processes run in
the same namespace, and --listener is not needed hence and should be
dropped.
Conflicts:
man/systemd-socket-proxyd.xml
This reverts commit adcf4c81c5.
We have a better solution for the problem of making two processes run in
the same namespace, and --listener is not needed hence and should be
dropped.
Conflicts:
man/systemd-socket-proxyd.xml
This will allow specifying more options per address than the
simple Address= entry in the [Network] section.
Preliminary support for the same functionality for [Route] sections
are added, but not yet hooked up, as more testing is needed.
Use Description only internally, and allow Alias to be set
as a separate option. For instance SNMP uses ifalias for
a specific purpose, so let's not write to it by default.
This removed the requirement for devices to be tagged with
'systemd-networkd' before they will be visible to networkd.
Still, as by default we don't ship any .network files, network
devices will simply be tracked, but not touched, unless the
admin configures things explicitly.
NOTE: the show-* subcommands do not print some properties:
this are those with types like (so), a(so), (uo),...
we need to fix this, but I'm not sure how
reboot syscall can be performed with an additional argument. In some
systems this functionality can be useful to modify the mode of the
next boot performed by the bootloader.
This also drops --ignore-env, which can't really work anymore if we
allow multiple fds. Also adds support for pretty printing of peer
identities for debug purposes, and abstract namespace UNIX sockets. Also
ensures that we never take more connections than a certain limit.
systemd_pam would ignore all params after the first invalid one.
Instead ignore just this one, and parse the rest. There's just
one now, but as a matter of principle ;)
Also, allow debug as an alias for debug=1, and don't treat
invalid debug= options as fatal.
Suggested by David Wilkins <dwilkins@maths.tcd.ie> in
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=967521:
> [Specific boot ID is a] bit of a palaver to obtain. I consulted the
> verbose dump of the journal to discover the _BOOT_ID for the
> timestamp, and then generated the journal dump for that boot using
> journalctl _BOOT_ID=foo -o short-monotonic.
fsck-root is redundant in case an initrd is used, or in case the rootfs
is never remounted 'rw', so the new default is the correct behavior for
most users. For the rest, they should enable it in fstab.
We now treat passno as boleans in the generators, and don't need this any more. fsck itself
is able to sequentialize checks on the same local media, so in the common case the ordering
is redundant.
It is still possible to force an order by using .d fragments, in case that is desired.
When set to 0 this will stop tools like the backlight and rfkill tools to
restore state from previous boot. This is useful in case the stored state
is bogus to the extent that it is preventing you from resetting it (e.g.,
the backlight settings cause the screen to be off on boot on a system where
the backlight can not be adjusted directly from the keyboard).
The thing is a daemon, hence needs a "d" prefix. Also, we tend to not
abbreviate names of background components unnecessarily, since they are
not primary commands people type. Then, the fact that this thing does
socket actviation is mostly in implementationd detail for the proxy.
Also, do some minor indenting clean-ups and other code updates.
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various
issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous comma
placement fixes…
We already shew lines in full when using a pager or not on a
tty. The commit disables ellipsization in the sole remaining case,
namely when --follow is used.
This has been a popular request for a long time, and indeed, full
output seems much more useful. Old behaviour can still be requested by
using --no-full. Old options retain their behaviour for compatiblity,
but aren't advertised as much. This change applies only to jornalctl,
not to systemctl, when ellipsization is useful to keep the layout.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=984758
Since cgroups are mostly now an implementation detail of systemd lets
deemphasize it a bit in the man pages. This renames systemd.cgroup(5) to
systemd.resource-control(5) and uses the term "resource control" rather
than "cgroup" where appropriate.
This leaves the word "cgroup" in at a couple of places though, like for
example systemd-cgtop and systemd-cgls where cgroup stuff is at the core
of what is happening.
The cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit_in_bytes is unlikely to stay
around in the kernel for good, so let's not expose it for now. We can
readd something like it later when the kernel guys decided on a final
API for this.
The main usecase for this is to make it possible to use cryptsetup in
the initrd without it having to include a host-specific /etc/crypttab.
Tested-by: Thomas Bächler <thomas@archlinux.org>
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various
issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous
comma placement fixes…
Highligts in this particular commit:
- the "unsigned" type qualifier is completed to form a full type
"unsigned int"
- alphabetic -> lexicographic (that way we automatically define how
numbers get sorted)
